两种方式对彩色和灰度图像实现滤波

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（1）利用指针对图像进行滤波：

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">void sharpen(Mat &img,Mat &dst)</span>

{
	dst.create(img.size(),img.type());
	if (img.channels()==3)
	{
		for (int i = 1;i < img.rows-1;i++)
		{
			Vec3b* pre = img.ptr<Vec3b>(i-1);
			Vec3b* cur = img.ptr<Vec3b>(i);
			Vec3b* nex = img.ptr<Vec3b>(i+1);
			Vec3b* ptr = dst.ptr<Vec3b>(i);
			for (int j = 1;j < img.cols-1;j++)
			{
				ptr[j][0] = saturate_cast<uchar>(5*cur[j][0]-cur[j-1][0]-cur[j+1][0]-pre[j][0]-nex[j][0]);
				ptr[j][1] = saturate_cast<uchar>(5*cur[j][1]-cur[j-1][1]-cur[j+1][1]-pre[j][1]-nex[j][1]);
				ptr[j][2] = saturate_cast<uchar>(5*cur[j][2]-cur[j-1][2]-cur[j+1][2]-pre[j][0]-nex[j][2]);
			}
		}
		dst.row(0) = img.row(0);
		dst.row(dst.rows-1) = img.row(img.rows-1);
		dst.col(0) = img.col(0);
		dst.col(dst.cols-1) = img.col(img.cols-1);
	}
	if (img.channels()==1)
	{
		for (int i = 1;i < img.rows;i++)
		{
			uchar* graypre = img.ptr<uchar>(i-1);
			uchar* graycur = img.ptr<uchar>(i);
			uchar* graynex = img.ptr<uchar>(i+1);
			uchar* grayptr = dst.ptr<uchar>(i);
			for (int j = 1;j < img.cols;j++)
			{
				grayptr[j] = saturate_cast<uchar>(5*graycur[j]-graycur[j-1]-graycur[j+1]-graypre[j]-graynex[j]);
			}
		}
		dst.row(0) = img.row(0);
		dst.row(dst.rows-1) = img.row(img.rows-1);
		dst.col(0) = img.col(0);
		dst.col(dst.cols-1) = img.col(img.cols-1);
	}
}

（2）利用滤波器对图像进行滤波：

void sharpen2D(Mat &img,Mat &dst)
{
	Mat kernel(3,3,CV_32F,Scalar(0));
	kernel.at<float>(1,1) = 5.0;
	kernel.at<float>(0,1) = -1.0;
	kernel.at<float>(1,0) = -1.0;
	kernel.at<float>(2,1) = -1.0;
	kernel.at<float>(1,2) = -1.0;
	filter2D(img,dst,img.depth(),kernel);
}