如何访问超长文件

    现在，又回归到代码编写了。

    其实，安安静静地享受编码的过程，是一个很美好的旅程，从此以后，就尽情享受这一过程吧。

    现在，就遇到了在Windows上如何访问和操作超长文件（长度超过256）的问题。此前一直使用open、read、write等Windows原始开发接口，为照顾和Linux、Unix等接口类型的兼容性，没有使用Win32的SDK接口，这下搞不定了。

    经过本次调研，发现访问超长文件名的方法，基本上有两种

一、将文件名缩短成8.3格式，继续使用原始开发接口来操作

The GetShortPathName function retrieves the short path form of a specified input path.

DWORD GetShortPathName(
  LPCTSTR lpszLongPath,  // null-terminated path string
  LPTSTR lpszShortPath,  // short form buffer
  DWORD cchBuffer        // size of short form buffer
);

Parameters

lpszLongPath

[in] Pointer to a null-terminated path string. The function retrieves the short form of this path.

Windows NT/2000/XP: In the ANSI version of this function, the name is limited to MAX_PATH characters. To extend this limit to nearly 32,000 wide characters, call the Unicode version of the function and prepend "\\?\" to the path. For more information, see File Name Conventions.

Windows 95/98/Me: This string must not exceed MAX_PATH characters.

lpszShortPath

[out] Pointer to a buffer to receive the null-terminated short form of the path specified by lpszLongPath.

cchBuffer

[in] Specifies the size, in TCHARs, of the buffer pointed to by lpszShortPath.

Return Values

If the function succeeds, the return value is the length, in TCHARs, of the string copied to lpszShortPath, not including the terminating null character.

If the lpszShortPath buffer is too small to contain the path, the return value is the size of the buffer, in TCHARs, required to hold the path. Therefore, if the return value is greater than cchBuffer, call the function again with a buffer that is large enough to hold the path.

If the function fails for any other reason, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

    从lpszLongPath参数的说明可以看出，GetShortPathNameW函数，可以对目录或文件名进行缩短，但有个前提是目录或文件名必须存在。即

    1）对于已经存在的目录或文件，适用；

    2）对于不存在的目录或文件（新建目录或文件时），不适用；

 

二、借用Win32接口来实现对超长文件名的文件或目录的操作

    其中，涉及到如下的函数

Function	Description
AreFileApisANSI	Determines whether the file I/O functions are using the ANSI or OEM character set code page.
CancelIo	Cancels all pending I/O operations that were issued by the calling thread for the specified file handle.
CloseHandle	Closes an open object handle.
CopyFile	Copies an existing file to a new file.
CopyFileEx	Copies an existing file to a new file.
CopyProgressRoutine	An application-defined callback function used with CopyFileEx and MoveFileWithProgress.
CreateDirectory	Creates a new directory.
CreateDirectoryEx	Creates a new directory with the attributes of a specified template directory.
CreateFile	Creates or opens a file object.
CreateIoCompletionPort	Creates and I/O completion port or associates an instance of an opened file with a newly created or an existing I/O completion port.
DefineDosDevice	Defines, redefines, or deletes MS-DOS device names.
DeleteFile	Deletes an existing file.
FileIOCompletionRoutine	An application-defined callback function used with ReadFileEx and WriteFileEx.
FindClose	Closes the specified search handle.
FindCloseChangeNotification	Stops change notification handle monitoring.
FindFirstChangeNotification	Creates a change notification handle.
FindFirstFile	Searches a directory for a file whose name matches the specified file name.
FindFirstFileEx	Searches a directory for a file whose name and attributes match those specified.
FindNextChangeNotification	Requests that the operating system signal a change notification handle the next time it detects an appropriate change.
FindNextFile	Continues a file search.
FlushFileBuffers	Clears the buffers for the specified file and causes all buffered data to be written to the file.
GetBinaryType	Determines whether a file is executable.
GetCurrentDirectory	Retrieves the current directory for the current process.
GetDiskFreeSpace	Retrieves information about the specified disk, including the amount of free space on the disk.
GetDiskFreeSpaceEx	Retrieves information about the specified disk, including the amount of free space on the disk.
GetDriveType	Determines whether a disk drive is a removable, fixed, CD-ROM, RAM disk, or network drive.
GetFileAttributes	Retrieves attributes for a specified file or directory.
GetFileAttributesEx	Retrieves attributes for a specified file or directory.
GetFileInformationByHandle	Retrieves file information for a specified file.
GetFileSize	Retrieves the size of a specified file.
GetFileSizeEx	Retrieves the size of a specified file.
GetFileType	Retrieves the file type of the specified file.
GetFullPathName	Retrieves the full path and file name of a specified file.
GetLogicalDrives	Returns a bitmask representing the currently available disk drives.
GetLogicalDriveStrings	Fills a buffer with strings that specify valid drives in the system.
GetLongPathName	Converts the specified path to its long form.
GetQueuedCompletionStatus	Attempts to dequeue an I/O completion packet from a specified I/O completion port.
GetShortPathName	Retrieves the short path form of a specified input path.
GetTempFileName	Creates a name for a temporary file.
GetTempPath	Retrieves the path of the directory designated for temporary files.
LockFile	Locks a region in an open file.
LockFileEx	Locks a region in an open file for shared or exclusive access.
MoveFile	Moves an existing file or a directory.
MoveFileEx	Moves an existing file or a directory.
MoveFileWithProgress	Moves a file or directory.
PostQueuedCompletionStatus	Posts an I/O completion packet to an I/O completion port.
QueryDosDevice	Retrieves information about MS-DOS device names.
ReadDirectoryChangesW	Retrieves information describing the changes occurring within a directory.
ReadFile	Reads data from a file, starting at the specified position.
ReadFileEx	Reads data from a file asynchronously.
ReadFileScatter	Reads data from a file and stores the data into a set of buffers.
RemoveDirectory	Deletes an existing empty directory.
ReplaceFile	Replaces one file with another file.
SearchPath	Searches for the specified file.
SetCurrentDirectory	Changes the current directory for the current process.
SetEndOfFile	Moves the end-of-file position for the specified file.
SetFileApisToANSI	Causes the file I/O functions to use the ANSI character set code page.
SetFileApisToOEM	Causes the file I/O functions to use the OEM character set code page.
SetFileAttributes	Sets a file's attributes.
SetFilePointer	Moves the file pointer of an open file.
SetFilePointerEx	Moves the file pointer of an open file.
SetFileSecurity	Sets the security of a file or directory object.
SetFileShortName	Sets the valid data length of the specified file.
SetFileValidData	Sets the valid data length of the specified file.
SetVolumeLabel	Sets the label of a file system volume.
UnlockFile	Unlocks a previously locked region in an open file.
UnlockFileEx	Unlocks a previously locked region in an open file.
WriteFile	Writes data to a file.
WriteFileEx	Writes data to a file asynchronously.
WriteFileGather	Gathers data from a set of buffers and writes the data to a file.

 

    举个创建或打开文件的例子吧，

<span style="font-size:14px;">HANDLE T_FileOpen_Win32(const char *filename, int oflag, int mode)
{
	int ret = 0;
	HANDLE Handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	WCHAR tFileName[WTP_FULL_FILENAME_LEN+1]={0};
	char apiFileName[WTP_FULL_FILENAME_LEN+1]={0};

	strcat(apiFileName,"\\\\\?\\");
	strcat(apiFileName,filename);

	ret = MultiByteToWideChar (CP_ACP, 0, apiFileName, strlen (apiFileName) + 1, tFileName, sizeof(tFileName)/sizeof(tFileName[0])) ; 
	Handle = CreateFileW(tFileName, mode,FILE_SHARE_READ,NULL,oflag,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,NULL);
	ret = GetLastError();

	return Handle;
}</span>

    如何使用呢？

    1）创建或打开文件

         logFileFd = T_FileOpen_Win32(transLogFileFullName,OPEN_ALWAYS,GENERIC_WRITE|GENERIC_READ);

    2）只打开文件

         logFileFd = T_FileOpen_Win32(transLogFileFullName,OPEN_EXISTING,GENERIC_WRITE|GENERIC_READ);

 

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