磁盘配额 笔记

磁盘配额

quota -av      #开启所有的配额，重新配置配额信息后，需要开启配额，否则不生效
quotaon -vug /mnt/tom      启用配额
quotaoff -vug /mnt/tom   							#关闭配额（注意不可以对根分区和root用户进行限制） 

#fstab下的记录
/dev/sda5               /mnt/test               ext4    defaults,usrquota,grpquota        0 0
mount -a 				#fstab使生效

usrquota,grpquota  									#开启用户、用户组的限额
mount -o remount,usrquota /home    					#临时设置
/etc/fstab                                          #不临时

检查磁盘配额
quotachack -cugv /mnt/tom             建立配额数据
ls -l /mnt/tom

edquota -u user    
-g 对用户组  
-t  使用宽限时间设置

edquota tom    设置某个用户的配额
edquota -p root tom  设置tom用户配额以root用户为模板


repquota test/          查看配额信息
repquota -a 查看所有配额信息

blocks(kb) 空间大小以kb为单位
Filesystem 　　　　　 blocks 　 soft 　 hard 　inodes 　soft 　 hard
/dev/sda5 　　　　　　 0　　　　 0 　 　 0 　　　 0 　　　 0 　　 0

运行 repquota 时，只显示 root 用户

[root@ton test]#repquota -a
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda5
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
                        Block limits                File limits
User            used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root      --      20   10000   10000              2     3     0       

但是用户tom设置可生效如下

[root@ton test]#quota -v tom
Disk quotas for user tom (uid 500): 
     Filesystem  blocks   quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace
      /dev/sda5       0    1024   15360               0       3       4        
[root@ton test]#

这里使用-av选项则显示正常，可能是软件bug吧

[tom1@paly ~]$sudo repquota -av
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda5
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
                        Block limits                File limits
User            used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root      +-   51220   10000   10000   none       3     3     0       
tom       ++   15360    1024   15360   none       4     3     4   none
tom1      ++   20000    1024   35360  6days       4     3     4  6days
tom2      --       0    1024   15360              0     3     4       

Statistics:
Total blocks: 8
Data blocks: 1
Entries: 4
Used average: 4.000000

[tom1@paly ~]$sudo repquota -avg           #查看组配额
*** Report for group quotas on device /dev/sda5
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
                        Block limits                File limits
Group           used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root      --   51220       0       0              3     0     0       
tom       --   15360       0       0              4     0     0       
tang      --   20000   20000   20000              4     7     8       

Statistics:
Total blocks: 8
Data blocks: 1
Entries: 3
Used average: 3.000000

配额测试

[tom@ton ~]$su - tom
Password: 
[tom@ton ~]$who am i
tom      pts/0        2022-03-11 01:37 (192.168.31.163)
[tom@ton ~]$cd /mnt/test/
[tom@ton test]$touch file1 file2 file3 
[tom@ton test]$ls
aquota.group  aquota.user  file1  file2  file3  lost+found
[tom@ton test]$touch file4
sda5: warning, user file quota exceeded.
[tom@ton test]$ls
aquota.group  aquota.user  file1  file2  file3  file4  lost+found
[tom@ton test]$touch file5
sda5: write failed, user file limit reached.
touch: cannot touch `file5': Disk quota exceeded

[tom@ton test]$dd if=/dev/zero of=file4 bs=1M count=20
sda5: warning, user block quota exceeded.
sda5: write failed, user block limit reached.
dd: writing `file4': Disk quota exceeded
16+0 records in
15+0 records out
15728640 bytes (16 MB) copied, 0.0193494 s, 813 MB/s
[tom@ton test]$ls -lah
total 16M
drwxrwxr-x  3 root root 4.0K Mar 11 01:46 .
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4.0K Jul 30  2020 ..
-rw-rwx---  1 root root 7.0K Mar 11 01:46 aquota.group
-rw-rwx---  1 root root 7.0K Mar 11 01:25 aquota.user
-rw-rw-r--  1 tom  tom     0 Mar 11 01:46 file1
-rw-rw-r--  1 tom  tom     0 Mar 11 01:46 file2
-rw-rw-r--  1 tom  tom     0 Mar 11 01:46 file3
-rw-rw-r--  1 tom  tom   15M Mar 11 01:47 file4
drwxrwx---  2 root root  16K Mar 10 19:28 lost+found
[tom@ton test]$

用户tom显示两个++，表示软硬限制均用超，宽限期还有6天。

[root@ton ~]#repquota -av
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda5
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
                        Block limits                File limits
User            used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root      --      20   10000   10000              2     3     0       
tom       ++   15360    1024   15360  6days       4     3     4  6days

Statistics:
Total blocks: 7
Data blocks: 1
Entries: 2
Used average: 2.000000

-s 提高可读性 -p 宽限期以秒显示

[root@ton test]#repquota -avsp
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda5
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
                        Block limits                File limits
User            used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root      +-   51220   10000   10000 1647558809       3     3     0      0
tom       ++   15360    1024   15360 1647558780       4     3     4 1647558766

Statistics:
Total blocks: 7
Data blocks: 1
Entries: 2
Used average: 2.000000