NSString的使用（初始化、比较、子串、转换、替换、删除、拼接等）

// 创建字符串 5种方法
NSString *string1 = @"zhangshaofeng";
NSLog(@"string1 %@", string1);
NSLog(@"SW - %d", string1);

NSString *string2 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:string1];
NSLog(@"string2 %@", string2);

NSString *string3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%@", string1];
NSLog(@"string3 %@", string3);

NSString *string4 = [NSString stringWithString:string1];
NSLog(@"string4 %@", string4);

NSString *string5 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", @"ZHANGSHAOFENG"];
NSLog(@"string5 %@", string5);

// 获取子字符串
// - (NSString *)substringFromIndex:(NSUInteger)from;
NSString *subString1 = [string1 substringFromIndex:9];
NSLog(@"subString1 %@", subString1);

// - (NSString *)substringToIndex:(NSUInteger)to;
NSString *subString2 = [string1 substringToIndex:5];
NSLog(@"subString2 %@", subString2);

// - (NSString *)substringWithRange:(NSRange)range;
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(5, 4);
NSString *subString3 = [string1 substringWithRange:range];
NSLog(@"subString3 %@", subString3);

// 字符串比较
// 1 判断两个字符串的大小（无条件的判断）
NSComparisonResult result = [string1 compare:string5];
if (result == NSOrderedAscending)
{
	NSLog(@"%@ 小于 %@", string1, string5);
}
else if (result == NSOrderedSame)
{
	NSLog(@"%@ 等于 %@", string1, string5);
}
else if (result == NSOrderedDescending)
{
	NSLog(@"%@ 大于 %@", string1, string5);
}

// 2 判断两个字符串的大小（有条件的判断）
result = [string1 compare:string5 options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch];
if (result == NSOrderedAscending)
{
	NSLog(@"%@ 小于 %@", string1, string5);
}
else if (result == NSOrderedSame)
{
	NSLog(@"%@ 等于 %@", string1, string5);
}
else if (result == NSOrderedDescending)
{
	NSLog(@"%@ 大于 %@", string1, string5);
}

// 3 判断两个字符串是否相等
result = [string1 isEqualToString:string5];
if (result)
{
	NSLog(@"%@ 等于 %@", string1, string5);
}
else
{
	NSLog(@"%@ 不等于 %@", string1, string5);
}


// 判断是否包括某字符串
// 1 字符串是否包含某个前缀
result = [string1 hasPrefix:@"shao"];
if (result)
{
	NSLog(@"yes");
}
else
{
	NSLog(@"no");
}

// 2 字符串是否包含某个后缀
result = [string1 hasSuffix:@"feng"];
if (result)
{
	NSLog(@"yes");
}
else
{
	NSLog(@"no");
}

// 3 字符串是否包含某个子串
result = [string1 containsString:@"feng"];
if (result)
{
	NSLog(@"yes");
}
else
{
	NSLog(@"no");
}

// 获取子字符串的区间
// 1 获取子串的区间（无条件）
NSRange range1 = [string1 rangeOfString:@"zhang"];
if (range1.location == NSNotFound)
{
	NSLog(@"不存在");
}
else
{
	NSLog(@"存在 %@", NSStringFromRange(range1));
}

// 2 获取子串的区间（带条件）
range1 = [string1 rangeOfString:@"zhang" options:NSBackwardsSearch];
if (range1.location == NSNotFound)
{
	NSLog(@"不存在");
}
else
{
	NSLog(@"存在 %@", NSStringFromRange(range1));
}

// 字符串拼接
// - (NSString *)stringByAppendingString:(NSString *)aString;
string1 = [string1 stringByAppendingString:@" meizhou"];
NSLog(@"%@", string1);

// 字符串属性值
// 1 字符串长度
NSInteger lengthString = string1.length;
NSLog(@"lengthString = %ld", lengthString);

// 2 数值型字符串转换成基本数值
// @property (readonly) double doubleValue;
NSLog(@"%f", string1.doubleValue);
NSString *numberString = @"123456";
double doubleString1 = numberString.doubleValue;
NSLog(@"%f", doubleString1);

// @property (readonly) float floatValue;
float floatString1 = numberString.floatValue;
NSLog(@"%f", floatString1);

// @property (readonly) int intValue;
// @property (readonly) NSInteger integerValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
// @property (readonly) long long longLongValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
// @property (readonly) BOOL boolValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

// 3 转换成大小
// @property (readonly, copy) NSString *uppercaseString;
NSLog(@"%@", string1);
string1 = [string1 uppercaseString];
NSLog(@"%@", string1);

// 4 转换成小写
// @property (readonly, copy) NSString *lowercaseString;
NSLog(@"%@", string1);
string1 = [string1 lowercaseString];
NSLog(@"%@", string1);

// @property (readonly, copy) NSString *capitalizedString;
string5 = [string5 capitalizedString];
NSLog(@"%@", string5);

// @property (readonly, copy) NSString *localizedUppercaseString NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
string5 = [string5 localizedUppercaseString];
NSLog(@"%@", string5);

// @property (readonly, copy) NSString *localizedLowercaseString NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
string5 = [string5 localizedLowercaseString];
NSLog(@"%@", string5);

// @property (readonly, copy) NSString *localizedCapitalizedString NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
string5 = [string5 localizedCapitalizedString];
NSLog(@"%@", string5);

// @property (nullable, readonly) __strong const char *UTF8String NS_RETURNS_INNER_POINTER;
NSLog(@"%s", string5.UTF8String);

// @property (readonly) NSStringEncoding fastestEncoding;	// Result in O(1) time; a rough estimate
NSLog(@"%lu", (unsigned long)string5.fastestEncoding);

// @property (readonly) NSStringEncoding smallestEncoding;
NSLog(@"%lu", (unsigned long)string5.smallestEncoding);


// 字符转换（C语言字符串与Objective-C字符串互转）
const char *stringC = "123456";
NSLog(@"stringC %s", stringC);

string1 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:stringC];
NSLog(@"string1 %@", string1);

// 创建可变字符串
NSString *string = @"zhangshaofeng";
NSMutableString *string1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:string];
NSLog(@"string1 %@", string1);

NSMutableString *string2 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%@", string];
NSLog(@"string2 %@", string2);

NSMutableString *string3 = [[NSMutableString alloc] init];
[string3 setString:string];
NSLog(@"string3 %@", string3);

NSMutableString *string4 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:15];
[string4 appendString:string];
NSLog(@"string4 %@", string4);

NSMutableString *string5 = [NSMutableString stringWithString:string];
NSLog(@"string5 %@", string5);

NSMutableString *string6 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"%@", string];
NSLog(@"string6 %@", string6);

NSMutableString *string7 = [NSMutableString string];
[string7 appendString:string];
NSLog(@"string7 %@", string7);

<pre name="code" class="objc">// 字符串拼接
// 1 拼接在原字符串后面（无格式拼接）
[string7 appendString:@", from meizhou"];
NSLog(@"string7 %@", string7);

// 2 拼接在原字符串的指定位置（格式化拼接）
[string7 appendFormat:@"%@%@%@%@", @",", @"in", @" ", @"guangdong"];
NSLog(@"string7 %@", string7);

// 字符串替换
string = [string7 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"meizhou" withString:@"wuhua"];
NSLog(@"string %@", string);

// 重新初始化新值
[string7 setString:string];
NSLog(@"string %@", string);

// 在指定位置插入指定字符串
[string7 insertString:@" woker " atIndex:0];
NSLog(@"string7 %@", string7);

// 删除指定范围的字符串
NSRange rangeDelete = NSMakeRange(0, 7);
[string7 deleteCharactersInRange:rangeDelete];
NSLog(@"string7 %@", string7);