block代码块功能类似于 delegate代理。即也用来由 B对象代理完成 A对象的事件。
区别
1、不用定义协议(协议名称、协议方法、代理);
2、实现方法比较直观(实现代码比较紧凑,即代码块方法,紧接在对象实例化之后,避免多行空隔设置)
3、定义 block属性对象时,应用 copy 类型,而定义 delegate对象时应用 weak 类型
4、使用 block避免循环引用导致内存泄露(常提示:capturing self strongly in this block is likely to lead to a retain cycle),而使用 delegate时不需要关注循环引用问题
注意:block解决循环引用问题,使用对象的弱引用,如:
SYViewController __weak *weakSelf = self;
self.sfVC.orderTicker = ^(){
weakSelf.tickets = @"我帮你订购了两张票";
NSLog(@"%@", weakSelf.tickets);
};
说明:
1、使用场景:
1-1、由其他对象协助完成其他事情
1-2、用于传值
定义了代码块属性的视图控制器
// .h文件
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface SFViewController : UIViewController
- (void)orderTickerForMe;
- (void)getTickerForMe;
@property (nonatomic, copy) void (^orderTicker)(void);
@property (nonatomic, copy) void (^getTicker)(void);
@end
// .m文件
#import "SFViewController.h"
@interface SFViewController ()
@end
@implementation SFViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
- (void)orderTickerForMe
{
if (self.orderTicker)
{
self.orderTicker();
}
}
- (void)getTickerForMe
{
if (self.getTicker)
{
self.getTicker();
}
}
@end
使用(另一个视图控制器使用定义了代码块属性的视图控制器)
#import "SYViewController.h"
#import "SFViewController.h"
@interface SYViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *tickets;
@property (nonatomic, strong) SFViewController *sfVC;
@end
@implementation SYViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
self.title = @"sf block";
UIBarButtonItem *order = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"order" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(tickerOrder)];
UIBarButtonItem *get = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"get" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(tickerGet)];
self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems = @[order, get];
self.sfVC = [[SFViewController alloc] init];
// // 该方法会造成循环引用,导致内存泄露
// self.sfVC.orderTicker = ^(){
// self.tickets = @"我帮你订购了两张票";
// NSLog(@"%@", self.tickets);
// };
// 使用弱引和,避免循环引用
SYViewController __weak *weakSelf = self;
self.sfVC.orderTicker = ^(){
weakSelf.tickets = @"我帮你订购了两张票";
NSLog(@"%@", weakSelf.tickets);
};
self.sfVC.getTicker = ^(){
NSLog(@"我帮你取了2张票");
};
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
- (void)tickerOrder
{
[self.sfVC orderTickerForMe];
}
- (void)tickerGet
{
[self.sfVC getTickerForMe];
}
@end
归纳总结:block使用时的定义方法大全
1、属性变量
(1)直接定义成属性(带参数)
@property (nonatomic, copy) void (^buttonClick)(UIButton *button);
(2)直接定义属性(不带参数)
@property (nonatomic, copy) void (^buttonClick)(void);
(3)先定义宏,再定义属性(带参数)
typedef void (^ButtonClick)(UIButton *button);
@property (nonatomic, copy) ButtonClick buttonClick;
(4)先定义宏,再定义属性(不带参数)
typedef void (^ButtonClick)(void);
@property (nonatomic, copy) ButtonClick buttonClick;
2、方法
(1)带参数的方法
- (void)buttonClick:(void (^)(UIButton *button))click;
(2)不带参数的方法
- (void)buttonClick:(void (^)(void))click;
PS:因为使用block时,需要避免循环引用造成的内存泄露,所以在block引用中被引用的变量参数,必须是弱引用(1、block属性或方法的变量是当前对象(如视图控制器)的属性;2、被使用在block内的变量也是当前对象(如视图控制器)的属性)
定义弱引用的方法
1、格式:" __weak 当前对象名称 *weakSelf = self; ",如:
__weak UIViewController *weakSelf = self;
2、格式:" __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self; ",如:
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;