百度面试题之二叉树层次遍历(从上到下，从下到上)

1.二叉树的层次遍历 递归解法

class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, v, left=None, right=None):
        self.value = v
        self.left = left
        self.right = right

# 层次遍历入口函数
def level_tranverse_iterate(node):
    if not node:
        return 0
    depth = Depth(node)
    print "depth:", depth
    for i in range(1, depth+1):
        print_node_at_level(node, i)
        print 

# 计算树高
def Depth(node):
    if not node:
        return 0
    return max(Depth(node.left)+1,Depth(node.right)+1)

# 当level=1时才输出结点
def print_node_at_level(node, level):
    if not node or level < 1:
        return 0
    if level == 1:
        print node.value,
        return 0
    print_node_at_level(node.left, level-1)
    print_node_at_level(node.right, level-1)


node = Node(1, Node(3, Node(7, Node(0)), Node(6)), Node(2, Node(5), Node(4)))
level_tranverse_iterate(node)
# output:
depth: 4
1
3 2
7 6 5 4
0

2.非递归解法

def level_tranverse_noniterate(node):
    stack = [node]
    while stack:
        node = stack.pop(0)
        print node.value
        if node.left:
            stack.append(node.left)
        if node.right:
            stack.append(node.right)


node = Node(1, Node(3, Node(7, Node(0)), Node(6)), Node(2, Node(5), Node(4)))

level_tranverse_noniterate(node)
output:
1 3 2 7 6 5 4 0

3.从底向上的层次遍历 非递归解法

就是将树
1
3 2
7 6 5 4
0
打印为:
0   7 6 5 4    3 2     1

主要是要考虑每层的元素要分隔开，不然会乱。

# python 2.7
def from_bottom_to_top(node):
    if not node:
        return 0

    vect = [node]
    cur = 0
    last = 1

    while cur < len(vect):
        vect.append(None)   # 以None作为层之间的分隔
        last = len(vect)
        print "每层个数"+str(last-cur)
        # 每层的结点都判断是否有左右子结点
        # 用cur来计数，cur==last-1即当前层的结点全部判断完了
        #然后cur += 1，如果cur==len(vect)，说明下一层没有新结点加入，层次遍历结束
        while cur < last - 1:
            if vect[cur].right:
                vect.append(vect[cur].right)
            if vect[cur].left:
                vect.append(vect[cur].left)
            cur += 1 
        cur+= 1

    # 按层输出
    for i in range(len(vect)):
        if vect[i]:
            print vect[i].value,
        else:
            print