为servlet命名

 介绍一下servlet相关知识点，方便学习

 

对servlet的命名可以通过在/WEB-INF/web.xml中进行映射，也可以通过调用者servlet来进行调用。

例如：

 

一．对一个com.tyy.ServletExample.java进行访问(应用程序根目录为/tomcat_test)

<servlet>               <servlet-name>ServletExample</servlet-naem>               <servlet-class>com.tyy.ServletExample</servlet-class>        </servlet>          <servlet-mapping>               <servlet-name>ServletExample</servlet-name>               <url-pattern>/ServletExample</url-pattern>        </servlet-mapping>

 

现在就可以通过两种方法进行访问：

1.       http://localhost:8080/tomcat_test/ServletExample

2.       http://localhost:8080/tomcat_test/servlet/com.tyy.ServletExample

也即可以通过这样的方式来进行调用：

1.       http://localhost:8080/<Application-Directory>/<servlet-mapping-name>

2.       http://localhost:8080/<Application-Directory>/<full-servlet-name>

 

注：

对于第二种方法的调用，需要解除注释%CATALINA_HOME%/conf/web.xml中的如下这样一段代码，因为这段代码在默认的情况下是注释掉的。

目的：

       此种情况称为禁用调用者servlet，是为了保证servlet只有由web.xml中servlet-mapping元素指定的路径方可调用

<servlet>         <servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>         <servlet-class>           org.apache.catalina.servlets.InvokerServlet         </servlet-class>         <init-param>             <param-name>debug</param-name>             <param-value>0</param-value>         </init-param>         <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> </servlet>       <servlet-mapping>         <servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>         <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>     </servlet-mapping>

 

 

二．可以将Servlet作为一个controller，以实现对所有的请求的统一控制

<servlet>        <servlet-name>ControllerServlet</servler-name>        <servlet-class>com.tyy.ControlServlet</servlet-class> </servlet>   <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>Controller</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>   <servlet-mapping>     <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

 

注：

1.    <url-pattern>/servlet/*<url-pattern>这一句主要是为了防止

http://localhost:8080/<Application-Directory>/<servlet-mapping-name>来绕过控制器servlet。

故必须用自己的servlet-mapping来覆盖默认的调用者servlet。

 

这样所有的调用都会转到对此controller servlet的调用

3.       控制器servlet的作用：

a)         可以对请求进行一系列的检查，判断请求是否合法，在进行跳转。例如：

                                       i.              ----------------------------------CotrollerServlet.java------------------------------

                                     ii.               

 

 

三．

       可以通过将静态html或动态jsp映射到ControllerServlet。例如：

      

<servlet>        <servlet-name>ControllerServlet</servelt-name>        <servlet-class>com.tyy.ControllerServlet</servlet-class> </servlet>   <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>ControllerServlet</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>   <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>ControllerServlet</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

 

这样任何对后缀为.html或.jsp的调用都会自动映射到com.tyy.ControllerSerlvet上。

 

四．

       防止对com.tyy.ControllerServlet以外的servlet进行不合法的访问。

1.       解决办法：

a)         在/WEB-INF/web.xml中使用security-constraint（约束，强制）元素防止web用户对非controller servlet进行请求

2．使用javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher转发请求

void forward(ServletRequest request,              ServletResponse response)              throws ServletException,                     IOException

 

//---------------Controller.java------------------------ package com.tyy;   import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import java.io.*;   public class Controller extends HttpServlet {        @Override        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)                                          throws ServletException, IOException {               process(request, response);                      }        @Override        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)                                    throws ServletException, IOException {               process(request, response);          }          private void process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)                                    throws ServletException, IOException {               RequestDispatcher dispatcher = null;               String param = request.getParameter("go");               if(param == null)                      throw new ServletException("Missing parameter in controller.");               else if(param.equals("weather")) {                      dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/weather");                                    } else if(param.equals("maps")) {                      dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/maps");                                    } else                      throw new ServletException("Improper parameter passwd to Controller.");                 if(dispatcher != null)                      dispatcher.forward(request, response);               else                      throw new ServletException("Controller received a null dispatcher from request object.");            } }   /*        <servlet>               <servlet-name>Controller</servlet-name>               <servlet-class>com.tyy.Controller</servlet-class>        </servlet>          <servlet-mapping>               <servlet-name>Controller</servlet-name>               <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>        </servlet-mapping>          <servlet-mapping>               <servlet-name>Controller</servlet-name>               <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>        </servlet-mapping> */

 

 

--------------com.tyy.Weather------------------ package com.tyy;   import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import java.io.*;   public class Weather extends HttpServlet {        @Override        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {               process(request, response);        }          @Override        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {               process(request, response);        }          private void process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {               PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();               out.println("<html>");               out.println("<hody>");               out.println("This is a Weather Servlet page,WElcome to here!");               out.println("</body>");               out.println("</html>");        } }   /*        <servlet>               <servlet-name>Weather</servlet-name>               <servlet-class>com.tyy.Weather</servlet-class>        </servlet>          <servlet-mapping>               <servlet-name>Weather</servlet-name>               <url-pattern>/weather</url-pattern>        </servlet-mapping> */

 

---------------com.tyy.Maps--------------- package com.tyy;   import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import java.io.*;   public class Maps extends HttpServlet {        @Override        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)                                                                throws ServletException, IOException {               process(request, response);        }          @Override        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)                                                                throws ServletException, IOException {               process(request, response);        }          private void process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)                                                                throws ServletException, IOException {               //     response.setContentType("text/html;charset='gb2312'");               PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();               out.println("<html>");               out.println("<hody>");               out.println("<h1>");               out.println("This is a Maps Servlet page,WElcome to here!");               out.println("</h1>");               out.println("</body>");               out.println("</html>");        } }   /*        <servlet>               <servlet-name>Maps</servlet-name>               <servlet-class>com.tyy.Maps</servlet-class>        </servlet>          <servlet-mapping>               <servlet-name>Maps</servlet-name>               <url-pattern>/maps</url-pattern>        </servlet-mapping> */

 

该例用于简单的测试，当http://localhost:8080/JSPProject/home?go=weather可以进行跳转，缺点：

使用http://localhost:8080/JSPProject/weather或http://localhost:8080/JSPProject/home?go=weather也可以访问资源。当

需要对某些资源进行保护时就会出现问题。

可以在web.xml中配置

<security-constraint>               <web-resource-collection>                      <web-resource-name>Weather</web-resource-name>                      <url-pattern>/weather</url-pattern>                      <http-method>GET</http-method>                      <http-method>POST</http-method>               </web-resource-collection>               <web-resource-collection>                      <web-resource-name>Maps</web-resource-name>                      <url-pattern>/maps</url-pattern>                      <http-method>GET</http-method>                      <http-method>POST</http-method>               </web-resource-collection>               <auth-constraint>                      <description>This applies only to the "tomcat" security role</description>                      <role-name>admin</role-name>               </auth-constraint>               <user-data-constraint>                      <transport-guarantee>NONE</transport-guarantee>               </user-data-constraint>        </security-constraint>

 

2.       使用javax.servlet.ServletContext.getNamedDispatcher(String name)转发请求

RequestDispatcher getNamedDispatcher(String name)

 

 

3. javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher Request.getRequestDispatcher(String path)  与   javax.servlet.ServletContext.getNamedDispatcher(String name)两种转发请求方法的区别：