自定义注解+动态代理+反射 实现简易AOP功能

自定义注解+动态代理+反射 实现简易AOP功能

简介

Spring的AOP功能非常强大,其核心技术主要用到的是动态代理,在这里,我通过自定义注解和动态代理,模拟Before和After的功能。

设计思路

主要思路:通过动态代理,增强被调用对象,使原对象新增一些原先没有的功能。那么,怎么样知道我增强了哪些功能呢?此时需要通过注解来定位,而这些功能的实现,则可以通过反射来执行。
1.为什么用注解?
注解是在JDK5引入的概念,通过@interface 关键字进行定义,它可以使配置更加简单。

2.为什么用动态代理?
在这个例子中,我们主要用到代理的增强特性,因为代理对象的包含了原对象的功能,并给与增强,我们可以简单理解为如下结构:
在这里插入图片描述
而为什么用动态代理而非静态代理,因为静态代理需要硬编码指定,动态代理可以在运行时自动生成,这样对代码没有侵入,没有耦合,与业务逻辑互不影响。

实现过程

一、pom配置
首先,我们创建父项目proxydemo和两个子项目:api和main。
在这里插入图片描述
proxydemo项目的pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mzsf.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>proxy-demo</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>main</module>
        <module>api</module>
    </modules>
    
    <properties>
        <version.slf4j>1.7.13</version.slf4j>
        <version.commons-lang>3.3.2</version.commons-lang>
        <version.commons-collections>4.0</version.commons-collections>
        <version.spring>5.0.1.RELEASE</version.spring>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- slf4j -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <version>${version.slf4j}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Apache Commons Lang -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                <version>${version.commons-lang}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Apache Commons Collections -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
                <version>${version.commons-collections}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${version.spring}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>${version.spring}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

api项目的pom.xml文件(注:api项目的打包方式是jar,打包后可导入main项目中被引用)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>proxy-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.mzsf.demo</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>api</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- slf4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Apache Commons Lang -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Apache Commons Collections -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Compiler -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

main项目的pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>proxy-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.mzsf.demo</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>main</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mzsf.demo</groupId>
            <artifactId>api</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Compiler -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

二、java实现
在api项目中,创建com.mzsf.demo.api.annotation包,创建CustomBefore和CustomAfter两个自定义注解。其中,代码里用到了@Target和@Retention这两个元注解,这里就不展开了,有兴趣的同学自行研究。

package com.mzsf.demo.api.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * 用于注释:方法被执行之前,允许被执行的方法
 * 
 */
@Target(value=ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface CustomBefore {
    //用于指定方法名称(格式:包名+类名+方法名),不能为空.
    String[] value();

}
package com.mzsf.demo.api.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * 用于注释:方法被执行之后,允许被执行的方法
 *
 */
@Target(value=ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface CustomAfter {
    //用于指定方法名称(格式:包名+类名+方法名),不能为空.
    String[] value();

}

然后创建com.mzsf.demo.api.proxy包,在其下创建ProxyBeanFactory.java类,该类是一个创建代理对象的工厂类。

package com.mzsf.demo.api.proxy;

import com.mzsf.demo.api.annotation.CustomAfter;
import com.mzsf.demo.api.annotation.CustomBefore;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;

public class ProxyBeanFactory{

    //日志对象
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProxyBeanFactory.class);

    //声明被代理类对象
    private Object interfaceObj;

    public ProxyBeanFactory() {
    }

    /**
     * 返回代理对象
     */
    public <T> T getProxyBean(Object interfaceObj){
        this.interfaceObj = interfaceObj;
        return (T)  Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceObj.getClass().getClassLoader(), interfaceObj.getClass().getInterfaces(), new InvocationHandler() {
            public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
                return invokeMethod(proxy, method, args);
            }
        });
    }

    public Object invokeMethod(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        Object result;
        if (method.isAnnotationPresent(CustomBefore.class)) {
            CustomBefore customBefore = method.getAnnotation(CustomBefore.class);
            if (null != customBefore && customBefore.value().length > 0){
                List<String> list = Arrays.asList(customBefore.value());
                list.stream().filter(e -> StringUtils.isNotEmpty(e)).forEach(e -> {
                    execute(e, method.getParameterTypes(), args);
                });
            }
        }

        //执行主方法
        result = method.invoke(interfaceObj, args);

        if (method.isAnnotationPresent(CustomAfter.class)) {
            CustomAfter customAfter = method.getAnnotation(CustomAfter.class);
            if (null != customAfter && customAfter.value().length > 0){
                List<String> list = Arrays.asList(customAfter.value());
                list.stream().filter(e -> StringUtils.isNotEmpty(e)).forEach(e -> {
                    execute(e, method.getParameterTypes(), args);
                });
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 执行方法
     * @param serviceName
     * @param args
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private void execute(String serviceName, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object[] args){
        String[] c = parseServiceName(serviceName);
        //获取类名和方法名
        String className = c[0];
        String methodName = c[1];
        try {
            //动态寻找类和方法
            Object o = Class.forName(className).newInstance();
            Method m = o.getClass().getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
            m.invoke(o, args);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            LOGGER.error("serviceName:" + serviceName);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 解析serviceName
     * @param serviceName
     * @return
     */
    private String[] parseServiceName(String serviceName){
        String[] className = new String[2];
        int index = serviceName.lastIndexOf(".");
        if (index == -1){
            return null;
        }

        //获取类名和方法名
        className[0] = serviceName.substring(0, index);
        className[1] = serviceName.substring(index + 1);
        return className;
    }
}

在main项目中,创建com.mzsf.demo.main.aspect包,创建TestServiceAspect.java,添加如下方法:

package com.mzsf.demo.main.aspect;

public class TestServiceAspect {

    public void before1(String useId){
        System.out.println(useId + "  This is before1!");
    }

    public void before2(String useId){
        System.out.println(useId + "  This is before2!");
    }

    public void after(String useId){
        System.out.println(useId + "  This is after!");
    }
}

创建com.mzsf.demo.main.service和com.mzsf.demo.main.service.impl包,分别添加TestService.java和TestServiceImpl.java文件:

package com.mzsf.demo.main.service;


import com.mzsf.demo.api.annotation.CustomAfter;
import com.mzsf.demo.api.annotation.CustomBefore;

public interface TestService {

    @CustomBefore({"com.mzsf.demo.main.aspect.TestServiceAspect.before1","com.mzsf.demo.main.aspect.TestServiceAspect.before2"})
    @CustomAfter({"com.mzsf.demo.main.aspect.TestServiceAspect.after"})
    void doLogin(String userId);
    
}

package com.mzsf.demo.main.service.impl;

import com.mzsf.demo.main.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


@Service("testService")
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService {

    @Override
    public void doLogin(String userId) {
        System.out.println("用户:" + userId + "登录成功");
    }
}

创建com.mzsf.demo.main.controller包,加入测试Test.java类:

package com.mzsf.demo.main.controller;

import com.mzsf.demo.api.proxy.ProxyBeanFactory;
import com.mzsf.demo.main.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
        //创建代理对象,但不执行代理对象中的Handler方法
        TestService testService = new ProxyBeanFactory().getProxyBean(context.getBean("testService"));
        //此时,testService已为代理对象,当该对象调用doLogin时,则执行代理对象中的新Handler方法
        testService.doLogin("003");
    }
}

最后在resources文件夹下面添加log4j.properties和spring.xml

log4j.rootLogger=ERROR,console
log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%m%n
log4j.logger.com.mzsf=DEBUG
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.mzsf.demo.main"/>
</beans>

Ok,编码完成,右击启动Test.java中的main方法,控制台输入如下:

003  This is before1!
003  This is before2!
用户:003登录成功
003  This is after!

总结

通过以上代码,我们模拟了一个简单的Before和After切面功能,demo非常简单,希望可以加深大家对注解和动态代理的理解。

大家有空多多交流,可以添加QQ群:915349845,或者关注我的公众号,里面会不定期发一些文章。
Alt
最后,双手奉上代码链接,有兴趣的可以下载
https://download.csdn.net/download/ppa3383794/12074761

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