Mysql 主从数据库复制

主：mysql-5.1.53.tar.gz 192.168.15.168

从：mysql-5.1.53.tar.gz 192.168.15.169

主数据库安装配置

添加mysql账号

useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin

安装mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.1.53.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.53
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/opt/data --with-extra-charsets=utf8,gb2312,gbk --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
cd /usr/local/mysql/
chgrp -R mysql .
mkdir /opt/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/data

生成基本的数据库和表

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

修改配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

不同的地方就是server-id,主服务器配置文件不用修改,从服务器的配置文件server-id=10.其他的内容基本相同.

启动服务

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql&

设置root 密码

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "123456"

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot –p

从服务器基本相同

设置读锁
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
得到binlog日志文件名和偏移量
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 |      244 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
备份要同步的数据库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p  test > /opt/data/test.sql

拷贝/opt/data/test.sql到从服务器上，然后在从服务器上

mysql -u root -p < /opt/data/test.sql

解锁
mysql> unlock tables;

将192.168.15.168设为 192.168.15.169的主服务器
在192.168.15.168新建授权用户
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'replication';

在192.168.15.169上将192.168.15.168设置为自己的主服务器
mysql> change master to

master_host='192.168.15.168',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='

mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=244;
启用复制功能
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status/G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.15.168
                  Master_User: replication
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 398
               Relay_Log_File: mysql2-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 405
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 398
              Relay_Log_Space: 561
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

测试
在主服务器test数据库中创建user表
mysql> use test;
mysql> create table user(id int);
在从服务器中查看user表
mysql> use test;
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| user           |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
主从服务器同步维护 手工
在主服务器上执行
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 |      486 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在从服务器上执行
mysql> select master_pos_wait('mysql-bin.000003','486');

同步完成后，在主服务器上执行解锁
mysql>unlock tables;

切换主从服务器
当主服务器出现故障时，可将从服务器当主服务器来使用.步骤如下:
1、保证所有从数据库都已经执行了relay log中的全部更新，在从服务器中执行
stop slave io_thread,用show processlist检查，查看状态是否是Has read all relay log,表示更新完成.
mysql> stop slave io_thread;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show processlist/G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
     Id: 2
   User: root
   Host: localhost
     db: test
Command: Query
   Time: 0
  State: NULL
   Info: show processlist
*************************** 2. row ***************************
     Id: 4
   User: system user
   Host:
     db: NULL
Command: Connect
   Time: 591
  State: Has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
   Info: NULL
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2、在从服务器上执行stop slave，reset master命令，重置成主数据库
mysql>stop slave;
Query OK,0 affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>reset master;
Query OK,0 affected (0.00 sec)

3、删除新的主服务器数据库目录中的master.info和relay-log.info文件，否则下次重启时还会按照从服务器来启动.
root@mysql2 mysql]# cd /opt/data/
master.info              mysql2-relay-bin.000001  mysql-bin.index
mysql/                   mysql2-relay-bin.000002  relay-log.info
mysql2.err               mysql2-relay-bin.index   test/
mysql2.pid               mysql-bin.000001      

 

相关链接

http://blog.csdn.net/cnbird2008/archive/2011/02/11/6178932.aspx
http://sery.blog.51cto.com/10037/88526
http://database.51cto.com/art/201012/237204.htm
http://os.51cto.com/art/200810/92963.htm
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/replication.html