前言
View作为Android应用与用户交互入口,除了展示视图外,还承担了处理用户操作的任务,比如用户的点击、长按、滑动事件等。处理点击事件的机制就是View的事件分发机制。
View的事件分发机制
当用户点击屏幕时,就会产生点击事件,这个事件信息被封装在一个类中,这个类就是MotionEvent。事件产生后Android系统会将事件传递到View的层级中,然后MotionEvent就会在View的层级中传递分发。
在View的分发机制中会设计到三个重要的方法,这三个方法承担了View事件机制的处理任务。它们分别是:
- dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)—对事件进行分发。
- onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)—用来拦截事件,在dispatchTouchEvent中调用,这个方法存在于ViewGroup中。
- onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)—用来处理事件
View点击事件的发生
当点击事件发生后,事件首先会传递到当前的Activity中,这个过程调用了Activity的dispatchTouchEvent方法。public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
onUserInteraction(); //空方法,用于重写回调
}
//调用当前Window的superDispatchTouchEvent方法
if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
return true;
}
//调用Activity的onTouchEvent方法
return onTouchEvent(ev);
}
//PhoneWindow中的方法
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
//调用ViewGroup中的dispatchTouchEvent方法
return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
可以看到当事件产生后,首先在当前Activity中会进行事件拦截,如果当前Window不拦截就会调用Activity的onTouchEvent方法。
同时,我们可以看到在PhoneWindow中会调用DecorView的superDispatchTouchEvent方法。这个方法又调用了dispatchTouchEvent方法。这是就开始了View层级的事件分发。
事件分发开始
从上面的代码中可以看到。在View层级中,事件处理从ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法开始。我们开始从这里分析。
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
//......
boolean handled = false;
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
final int action = ev.getAction();
final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
// Handle an initial down.
//一个完整的事件从DOWN事件开始,UP事件结束
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
// 重置触摸状态,因为程序可能由于切换、ANR或者某些其他状态改变。框架已经删除了up和cancel事件
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
//重置状态
resetTouchState();
}
// Check for interception.
//检查是否有拦截事件
final boolean intercepted;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
//这个标志也跟requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent有关,通过此函数设置标志可以另子View决定父容器是否拦截子View事件
final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
if (!disallowIntercept) {
//调用onInterceptTouchEvent拦截事件
intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
} else {
intercepted = false;
}
} else {
// There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
// so this view group continues to intercept touches.
intercepted = true;
}
//......
// Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
//不拦截事件,继续分发事件
View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
|| (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
|| actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex) : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;
//......
final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
// Find a child that can receive the event.
// Scan children from front to back.
final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
&& isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
final View[] children = mChildren;
//遍历子View
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
childrenCount, i, customOrder);
//获取点击范围内的字View
final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
preorderedList, children, childIndex);
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
continue;
}
childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
i = childrenCount - 1;
}
if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
|| !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
continue;
//获取touchTarget
newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
if (newTouchTarget != null) {
// Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
// Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
break;
}
resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
// Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
if (preorderedList != null) {
// childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
break;
}
}
} else {
mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
}
mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
break;
}
//......
}
if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
}
//......
}
}
// Dispatch to touch targets.
if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
// No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
//父容器拦截事件情况下对事件进行分发,分发到父容器
handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
} else {
TouchTarget predecessor = null;
TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
while (target != null) {
final TouchTarget next = target.next;
if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
handled = true;
} else {
final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
|| intercepted;
//父容器不拦截情况下,分发事件到对应的子View
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
handled = true;
}
//......
predecessor = target;
target = next;
}
}
//......
return handled;
}
从代码中可以看到,事件分发的情况分为两种,一种是如果父容器不拦截事件,就把事件分发到对应的子View;另一种是父容器拦截事件,事件交由自己处理。在第一种情况下,ViewGroup会遍历子View,判断子View是否在点击区域内,如果是就将事件交由子View分发。第二种情况下,ViewGroup拦截事件。这个两种情况最终都会调用dispatchTransformedTouchEvent方法。接下来分析这个方法的作用。
//最终分发事件的方法
private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
final boolean handled;
//......省略部分代码
// Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
if (child == null) {
//父容器拦截事件,调用View中的dispatchTouchEvent
handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
} else {
final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
}
//父容器不拦截事件,将事件分发到子View中
handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
}
// Done.
transformedEvent.recycle();
return handled;
}
从代码中可以看到,这个实现了刚才ViewGroup中分发事件的两种情况,父容器拦截以及不拦截。拦截的情况下child就为null,这个时候调用View的dispatchTouchEvent方法。不拦截的情况下调用child的dispatchTouchEvent方法。我们再来分析下View中的dispatchTouchEvent方法。
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
//.......此处省略部分代码
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
result = true;
}
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
&& (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
&& li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
result = true;
}
if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
result = true;
}
}
//......
return result;
}
从代码中可以看到,在View的dispatchTouchEvent方法中,如果OnTouchListener不为null,就优先调用OnTouchListener的onTouch方法,并且会返回true,表示该事件被消耗。否则会调用onTouchEvent方法。在这里我们只分析onTouchEvent方法。
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
//......
final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
|| (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
|| (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;
//如果View可以点击,处理点击事件
if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
switch (action) {
//处理UP事件
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
if (!clickable) {
//取消长按事件
removeLongPressCallback();
break;
}
boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
//获取焦点
boolean focusTaken = false;
if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
focusTaken = requestFocus();
}
if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
// This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
removeLongPressCallback();
if (!focusTaken) {
if (mPerformClick == null) {
mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
}
if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
//处理点击事件
performClick();
}
}
}
}
mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
break;
//处理DOWN事件
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
if (!clickable) {
checkForLongClick(0, x, y);
break;
}
if (isInScrollingContainer) {
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_PREPRESSED;
if (mPendingCheckForTap == null) {
mPendingCheckForTap = new CheckForTap();
}
mPendingCheckForTap.x = event.getX();
mPendingCheckForTap.y = event.getY();
postDelayed(mPendingCheckForTap, ViewConfiguration.getTapTimeout());
} else {
// Not inside a scrolling container, so show the feedback right away
setPressed(true, x, y);
checkForLongClick(0, x, y);
}
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
//......
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
//......
break;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
从代码中可以看到,onTouchEvent处理了分发过来的事件。事件类型有ACTION_UP、ACTION_DOWN、ACTION_MOVE、ACTION_CANCEL。onTouchEvent处理事件的前提是View是可点击的。其中当View注册了OnCLickListener和onLongClickLinster即为可点击的。可以看到处理点击事件是在ACTION_UP中处理的,通过调用perfromClick方法实现,当调用点击事件时,说明长按事件未到达长按的时间。而长按事件是在ACTION_DOWN中实现的,通过checkForLongClick方法发送延迟消息,当达到长按时间时就调用长按事件。
事件分发的原理
经过上面的分析,现在总结一下View事件分发的原理。事件的开始是从Activity到PhoneWindow中,最后经由View层级。在View的层级中从顶级View(DecorView)分发。
- 当点击事件产生后,有顶层的ViewGroup分发事件。
- 通过调用dispatchTouchEvent方法,当父容器拦截事件时就调用View的dispatchTouchEvent方法,进而调用onTouchEvent方法或者OnTouchListener的onTouch方法。
- 否则,调用子View的dispatchTouchEvent方法。如果子View是ViewGroup类型,则继续按照步骤1分发事件。否则调用View的dispatchTouchEvent方法。
总结
View的事件分发机制,处理了用户通过触摸屏幕产生的事件。一般来说通过View的事件分发,我们经常需要处理的有DOWN、MOVE、UP事件。通过实现这些类型的事件,就可以实现不同的交互操作,进而丰富View与用户的交互体验。