golang

一、切片

创建方式

1. 先创建一个数据,对数组进行分割

    var arr [6]int = [6]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
	slice := arr[3:4]
	fmt.Println("长度为：", len(slice))
	fmt.Println("容量为：", cap(slice))

	fmt.Printf("数组下标为1的地址%p,值%d", &arr[1], arr[1])
	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Printf("切片下标为0的地址%p,值%d", &slice[0], slice[0])

• 切片的值为数组 [起始位置,结束位置) ,此时为值为: 4
• 长度len为切片值的个数,长度为1
• 容量cap为切片开始的位置(包含)一直到数组结束的位置(包含),容量为3. 也就是底层数组的长度

2. 使用make函数创建

    slice := make([]int, 3, 10)
	fmt.Println("容量", cap(slice))
	fmt.Println("长度", len(slice))

• 使用make函数内置一个数组,三个入参
• 第一个入参为数组,第二个为长度,第三个为容量. 切片的容量代表底层数组的长度

3. 不指定长度创建

    slice := []int{1, 4, 7}
	fmt.Println(slice)

• 直接操作底层数组

二、结构体实例创建

1.直接创建

import "fmt"

type Teacher struct {
	Age    int
	Name   string
	School string
}

type Person struct {
	Age int
}

func main() {
	var teacher Teacher
	teacher.Age = 18
	teacher.Name = "zhangsan"
	teacher.School = "jianqiao"
	fmt.Println(teacher)
}

2.创建的时候直接赋值

package main

import "fmt"

type Teacher struct {
	Age    int
	Name   string
	School string
}

type Person struct {
	Age int
}

func main() {
	var teacher Teacher = Teacher{18,"lisi","hubuer"}
	fmt.Println(teacher)
	fmt.Println(teacher)
}

3.创建的时候返回结构体指针,通过地址赋值

package main

import "fmt"

type Teacher struct {
	Age    int
	Name   string
	School string
}

type Person struct {
	Age int
}

func main() {
	// 返回的是指针
	var teacher *Teacher = new(Teacher)
	// *根据地址取值，
	(*teacher).Name = "wangwu"
	// 也可以不用带*，golang底层提供了实现
	teacher.School = "jianqiao"
	teacher.Age = 18
	fmt.Println(*teacher)
}

4.返回指针,通过指针赋值

package main

import "fmt"

type Teacher struct {
	Age    int
	Name   string
	School string
}

type Person struct {
	Age int
}

func main() {
	// 返回的是指针
	var teacher *Teacher = &Teacher{11, "1", "2"}
	fmt.Println(*teacher)
	// *根据地址取值，
	(*teacher).Name = "wangwu"
	// 也可以不用带*，golang底层提供了
	teacher.School = "jianqiao"
	fmt.Println(*teacher)
}

3.方法

方法和函数是两个概念,方法绑定了结构体

• 通过结构体调用方法,此时是值传递

package main

import "fmt"

type Teacher struct {
	Age  int
	Name string
}

func (teacher Teacher) test() {
	teacher.Age = 20
	fmt.Println("方法的Age：", teacher.Age)
}

func main() {
	var teacher Teacher = Teacher{18, "zhangsan"}
	teacher.test()
	fmt.Println("main函数的Age：", teacher.Age)
}

• 通过结构体调用方法,但是此时可以通过传递指针改变原有的结构体对象,只需要改变结构体为指针就可

package main

import "fmt"

type Teacher struct {
	Age  int
	Name string
}

/* 接收类型为指针 */
func (teacher *Teacher) test() {
	teacher.Age = 20
	fmt.Println("方法的Age：", teacher.Age)
}

func main() {
	var teacher = Teacher{18, "ff"}
	teacher.test()
	fmt.Println("main函数的Age：", teacher.Age)
}