leetcode 127.单词接龙(python)
给定两个单词(beginWord 和 endWord)和一个字典,找到从 beginWord 到 endWord 的最短转换序列的长度。转换需遵循如下规则:
- 每次转换只能改变一个字母。
- 转换过程中的中间单词必须是字典中的单词。
说明:
- 如果不存在这样的转换序列,返回 0。
- 所有单词具有相同的长度。
- 所有单词只由小写字母组成。
- 字典中不存在重复的单词。
- 你可以假设 beginWord 和 endWord 是非空的,且二者不相同。
示例 1:
输入:
beginWord = "hit",
endWord = "cog",
wordList = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log","cog"]
输出: 5
解释: 一个最短转换序列是 "hit" -> "hot" -> "dot" -> "dog" -> "cog",
返回它的长度 5。
示例 2:
输入:
beginWord = "hit"
endWord = "cog"
wordList = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log"]
输出: 0
解释: endWord "cog" 不在字典中,所以无法进行转换。
解法 - 双向BFS
class Solution(object):
def ladderLength(self, beginWord, endWord, wordList):
# 双向BFS
if endWord not in wordList:
return 0
front = {beginWord}
back = {endWord}
dist = 1
wordList = set(wordList)
word_len = len(beginWord)
while front:
dist += 1
next_front = set()
for word in front:
for i in range(word_len):
for c in string.lowercase:
if c != word[i]:
new_word = word[:i] + c + word[i+1:]
if new_word in back:
return dist
if new_word in wordList:
next_front.add(new_word)
wordList.remove(new_word)
front = next_front
if len(back) < len(front):
front, back = back, front
return 0