leetcode 72.编辑距离(python)
给你两个单词 word1 和 word2,请你计算出将 word1 转换成 word2 所使用的最少操作数 。
你可以对一个单词进行如下三种操作:
- 插入一个字符
- 删除一个字符
- 替换一个字符
示例 1:
输入:word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros"
输出:3
解释:
horse -> rorse (将 'h' 替换为 'r')
rorse -> rose (删除 'r')
rose -> ros (删除 'e')
示例 2:
输入:word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution"
输出:5
解释:
intention -> inention (删除 't')
inention -> enention (将 'i' 替换为 'e')
enention -> exention (将 'n' 替换为 'x')
exention -> exection (将 'n' 替换为 'c')
exection -> execution (插入 'u')
递归 (超时了)
class Solution(object):
def minDistance(self, word1, word2):
# 递归
if len(word1) == 0 or len(word2) == 0:
return max(len(word1), len(word2))
n1 = len(word1)
n2 = len(word2)
if word1[-1] == word2[-1]:
return self.minDistance(word1[0:n1-1], word2[0:n2-1])
return 1 + min(
self.minDistance(word1, word2[0:n2-1]),
self.minDistance(word1[0:n1-1], word2),
self.minDistance(word1[0:n1-1], word2[0:n2-1])
)
动态规划
状态转移方程:
op[i][j] = 1 + min(op[i][j-1], op[i-1][j], op[i-1][j-1])
class Solution(object):
def minDistance(self, word1, word2):
# 动态规划
len1, len2 = len(word1)+1, len(word2)+1
dp = [[0 for _ in range(len2)] for _ in range(len1)]
for i in range(len1):
dp[i][0] = i
for j in range(len2):
dp[0][j] = j
for i in range(1, len1):
for j in range(1, len2):
if word1[i-1] == word2[j-1]:
dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]
else:
dp[i][j] = min(dp[i-1][j], dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j-1]) + 1
return dp[-1][-1]