Linux系统Python的多种安装方式

因为个人需要，整理的

操作系统：1.CentOS7（已测试）
         2.ubuntu16.04（anaconda已测试，其他方法可能会缺少某些系统文件）

说明

• 最新版本：2.7.16/3.6.8/3.7.3

安装方法

1. 编译安装

1.1 Python2

版本

Python2.7.12  （PS：centos7自带Python2.7.5，一般无需额外安装python2）

Python包

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.12/Python-2.7.12.tar.xz 

Setuptools包

https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/64/a18a487b4391a05b9c7f938b94a16d80305bf0369c6b0b9509e86165e1d3/setuptools-41.0.1.zip

pip包

https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/ab/f86b61bef7ab14909bd7ec3cd2178feb0a1c86d451bc9bccd5a1aedcde5f/pip-19.1.1.tar.gz

安装目录

/usr/local/services/python27

Python安装

tar zxvf Python-2.7.12.tar.xz -C /tmp
cd /tmp/Python-2.7.12
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services/python27
make && make install

pip安装

unzip setuptools-41.0.1.zip -d /tmp
cd /tmp/setuptools-41.0.1
/usr/local/services/python27/bin/python setup.py install
tar zxvf pip-19.1.1.tar.gz -C /tmp
cd /tmp/pip-19.1.1
/usr/local/services/python27/bin/python setup.py install

更新pip源

mkdir -p $HOME/.config/pip/
echo "[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com" > $HOME/.config/pip/pip.conf

1.2 Python3

版本

Python3.6.8

Python包

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tar.xz 

安装目录

/usr/local/services/python36

tkinter安装

yum -y install tkinter
yum -y install tcl-devel tk-devel

Python安装

xz -d Python-3.6.8.tar.xz
tar -xvf Python-3.6.8.tar -C /tmp
cd /tmp/Python-3.6.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services/python-3.6.8 --enable-shared CFLAGS=-fPIC
make && make install
echo "/usr/local/services/python-3.6.8/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.6.conf
ldconfig

更新pip源

mkdir -p $HOME/.config/pip/
echo "[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com" > $HOME/.config/pip/pip.conf

ln -snf /usr/local/services/python-3.6.8 /usr/local/services/python3
ln -snf /usr/local/services/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/services/python3/bin/python
ln -snf /usr/local/services/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/services/python3/bin/pip


# python3
export PATH="/usr/local/services/python3/bin:$PATH"

# 安装依赖库
yum install -y gmp-devel mpfr-devel libmpc-devel unixODBC-devel 
yum install -y cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel cyrus-sasl-lib

2. anaconda安装

2.1 anaconda3

版本

Anaconda3-5.2.0

官网

https://www.anaconda.com/download/#linux

anaconda3

https://repo.continuum.io/archive/Anaconda3-5.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh

安装

bash Anaconda3-5.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh

修改安装路径

Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':'
>>> yes  

Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/root/anaconda3

  - Press ENTER to confirm the location
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
  - Or specify a different location below

[/root/anaconda3] >>> /usr/local/services/anaconda3
PREFIX=/usr/local/services/anaconda3

手动添加环境变量

installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to prepend the Anaconda3 install location
to PATH in your /root/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] >>> 

You may wish to edit your .bashrc to prepend the Anaconda3 install location to PATH:

export PATH=/opt/modules/anaconda3/bin:$PATH

Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

vim /etc/profile
末尾添加
export PATH=/opt/modules/anaconda3/bin:$PATH
保存退出
source /etc/profile

3. pyenv安装 （还未测试）

• 安装简单
• 多版本管理方便
• 环境切换简单