1.下面是一个简短程序的一部分:
int main()
{
using namespace std;
//list of double deduced from list contents
auto q = average_list({15.4, 10.7, 9.0});
cout << q << endl;
//list of int deduced from list contents
cout << average_list({20, 30, 19, 17, 45, 38}) << endl;
//forced list of double
auto ad = average_list<double>({'A', 70, 65.33});
cout << ad << endl;
return 0;
}
请提供函数average_list( ),让该程序变得完整。它应该是一个模板函数,其中的类型参数指定了用作函数参数的initilize_list模板的类型以及函数的返回类型。
//main.cpp
/* *************************************************
* 文件名:
* 创建人:px
* 创建时间:2020/6/28
* 描述:
************************************************* */
#include<iostream>
#include<initializer_list>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
template<typename T >
T average_list(initializer_list<T> dou)//initializer_list要求元素必须为同一种类型或者可以转换为一种类型,这里转换为double
{
T temp = 0;
if (dou.size() == 0)
return temp;
for (int i = 0; i < dou.size(); i++)
{
for_each(dou.begin(), dou.end(), [&temp](T x) {temp += x; });
}
return (temp / dou.size());
}
int main()
{
using namespace std;
//list of double deduced from list contents
auto q = average_list({ 15.4, 10.7, 9.0 });
cout << q << endl;
//list of int deduced from list contents
cout << average_list({ 20, 30, 19, 17, 45, 38 }) << endl;
//forced list of double
auto ad = average_list<double>({ 'A', 70, 65.33 });
cout << ad << endl;
return 0;
}
2.下面是类Cpmv的声明:
class Cpmv
{
public:
struct Info
{
std::string qcode;
std::string zcode;
};
private:
Info *pi;
public:
Cpmv();
Cpmv(std::string q, std::string z);
Cpmv(const Cpmv& cp);
Cpmv(Cpmv && mv);
~Cpmv();
Cpmv& operator=(const Cpmv& cp);
Cpmv& operator=(Cpmv && mv);
Cpmv operator+(const Cpmv& obj) const;
void Display() const;
};
函数operator+ ( )应创建一个对象,其成员qcode和zcode有操作数的相应成员拼接而成。请提供为移动构造函数和移动赋值运算符实现移动语义的代码。编写一个使用所有这些方法的程序。为方便测试,让各个方法都显示特定的内容,以便知道它们被调用。
#pragma once
//class.h
#ifndef CLASS_H_
#define CLASS_H_
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class Cpmv
{
public:
struct Info
{
std::string qcode;
std::string zcode;
};
private:
Info* pi;
public:
Cpmv();
Cpmv(std::string q, std::string z);
Cpmv(const Cpmv& cp);
Cpmv(Cpmv&& mv);
~Cpmv();
Cpmv& operator=(const Cpmv& cp);
Cpmv& operator=(Cpmv&& mv);
Cpmv operator+(const Cpmv& obj) const;
void Display() const;
};
#endif // !CLASS_H_
//class.cpp
#include"class.h"
Cpmv::Cpmv()
{
pi = new Info;
pi->qcode = "null";
pi->zcode = "null";
}
Cpmv::Cpmv(std::string q, std::string z)
{
pi = new Info{q,z};
}
Cpmv::Cpmv(const Cpmv& cp)//复制构造函数
{
pi = new Info;
pi->qcode = cp.pi->qcode;
pi->zcode = cp.pi->zcode;
}
Cpmv::Cpmv(Cpmv&& mv)//移动语义,“偷取”右值
{//不用申请内存,因为是“偷取”已有的
pi = mv.pi;
mv.pi = nullptr;
}
Cpmv::~Cpmv()
{
delete pi;
}
Cpmv& Cpmv::operator=(const Cpmv& cp)
{
if (this == &cp)
return *this;
delete pi;
pi = new Info;
pi->qcode = cp.pi->qcode;
pi->zcode = cp.pi->zcode;
}
Cpmv& Cpmv::operator=(Cpmv&& mv)
{
delete pi;
pi = mv.pi;
mv.pi = nullptr;
return *this;
}
Cpmv Cpmv::operator+(const Cpmv& obj) const
{
Cpmv temp;
temp.pi->qcode += obj.pi->qcode;
temp.pi->zcode += obj.pi->zcode;
return temp;
}
void Cpmv::Display() const
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << "Qcode: " << pi->qcode << '\t'
<< "Zcode: " << pi->zcode << endl;
}
//main.cpp
/* *************************************************
* 文件名:
* 创建人:px
* 创建时间:2020/6/28
* 描述:
************************************************* */
#include<iostream>
#include "class.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Cpmv c1;
c1.Display();
Cpmv c2("Q", "Z");
c2.Display();
Cpmv c3(c2);
c3.Display();
Cpmv c4(c2 + c3);
c4.Display();
Cpmv c5 = c4;
c5.Display();
Cpmv c6 = c4 + c5;
c6.Display();
return 0;
}
3.编写并测试可变参数模板函数sum_value( ),它接受任意长度的参数列表(其中包含数值,但可以是任何类型),并以long double的方式返回这些数值的和。
//main.cpp
/* *************************************************
* 文件名:
* 创建人:px
* 创建时间:2020/6/28
* 描述:
************************************************* */
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
long double sum_value(T value)
{
static long double total;
total += value;
return total;
}
template<typename T,typename...Args>
long double sum_value(T value,Args...args)
{
static long double total;
total += sum_value(args...);
return total;
}
int main()
{
long double total1 = sum_value(10, 10, 20);
cout << total1 << endl;
long double total2 = sum_value(10, 10, 20, 20, 20);
cout << total2 << endl;
return 0;
}
4.使用lambda重新编写程序清单16.15。具体地说,使用一个有名称的lambda替换函数outint( ),并将函数符替换为两个匿名lambda表达式。
//main.cpp
/* *************************************************
* 文件名:
* 创建人:px
* 创建时间:2020/6/28
* 描述:
************************************************* */
#include<iostream>
#include<list>
#include<iterator>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
auto f100 = [](int n) {return (n > 100); };
auto f200 = [](int n) {return (n > 100); };
auto outint = [](int n) {cout << n << " "; };
int main()
{
int vals[10] = { 50, 100, 90, 180, 60, 210, 415, 88, 188, 201 };
list<int> yadayada(vals, vals + 10);
list<int> etcetera(vals, vals + 10);
cout << "Original lists:\n";
for_each(yadayada.begin(), yadayada.end(), outint);
cout << endl;
for_each(etcetera.begin(), etcetera.end(), outint);
cout << endl;
yadayada.remove_if(f100);
etcetera.remove_if(f200);
cout << "Trimmed lists:\n";
for_each(yadayada.begin(), yadayada.end(), outint);
cout << endl;
for_each(etcetera.begin(), etcetera.end(), outint);
cout << endl;
return 0;
}