java解析xml文件的几种方式(DOM解析)

好久不用的东西，今天居然被面试官问到了。那既然这样，我们就一起回顾下java解析xml文件的几种方式吧。

DOM解析

dom解析所需依赖是我们jdk自带的，所以只需要使用jdk为我们提供的接口即可上手。

User.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<Users name="users">
    <User id="1" name="user1">
        <name>saber</name>
        <age>18</age>
        <sex>女</sex>
        <emal>1426733135@saber.com</emal>
        <a href="www.saber.com">saber的页面</a>
    </User>
    <User id="2" name="user2">
        <name>lader</name>
        <age>19</age>
        <sex>男</sex>
        <emal>1426733135@saber.com</emal>
        <a href="www.saber.com">saber的页面</a>
    </User>

</Users>

获取document文档对象

 private Document document;//声明document 
 public void getDocument(){
        //获取document工厂bean
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            document = documentBuilder.parse("User.xml");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

获取xml元素

    public void showInfo(){
        NodeList users = document.getElementsByTagName("User");
        for (int i =0;i<users.getLength();i++){
            Element user=(Element) users.item(i);
            NodeList childNodes = user.getChildNodes();
            for (int j = 0;j<childNodes.getLength();j++){
                Node item =  childNodes.item(j);
                System.out.println(item.getTextContent());
            }
            System.out.println("---------------------------");
        }
        NodeList div=document.getElementsByTagName("div");
        NodeList divChildren=div.item(0).getChildNodes();
        System.out.println(divChildren.item(0).getTextContent());
        //或者
       // System.out.println(document.getElementsByTagName("span").item(0).getTextContent());
    }

编辑xml元素

  public void deleteElement(){
        NodeList divs= document.getElementsByTagName("div");
        Node div=divs.item(0);
        //先找到自己的父节点,然后删除指定的子节点
        div.getParentNode().removeChild(div);
        saveXML();
    }
    public void updateElement(){
        Element span=(Element)document.getElementsByTagName("span").item(0);
        span.setAttribute("class","index");
        if(!span.hasAttribute("id")){
            span.setAttribute("id","index");
        }
        span.setTextContent("DOM解析也不过如此");
        saveXML();
    }

对dom元素进行修改后一定得保存修改，也就是使用流将修改的内容重新输出到xml文件中

    public void saveXML(){
        TransformerFactory factory =TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        factory.setAttribute("indent-number",4);//设置缩进4个空格
        try {
            Transformer transformer=factory.newTransformer();
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING,"utf-8");//设置字符编码
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT,"YES");//设置是否支持缩进
            DOMSource domSource=new DOMSource(document);//封装document
            OutputStream out=new FileOutputStream("User.xml");
            StreamResult streamResult=new StreamResult(new OutputStreamWriter(out,"utf-8"));
            transformer.transform(domSource,streamResult);//更新修改
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

DOM4J解析请看下篇文章，java解析xml文件的几种方式(DOM4J解析)