dubbo,实现RPC远程服务调用,至于具体解释网上很多。参考网上的例子自己操作了一下。
Provider: 暴露服务的服务提供方。
Consumer: 调用远程服务的服务消费方。
Registry: 服务注册与发现的注册中心。
Monitor: 统计服务的调用次调和调用时间的监控中心。
Container: 服务运行容器。
1、dubbo-api
提供接口代码很简单,就是一个接口。新建maven工程
package com.dubbo.api;
public interface UserService {
String sayHi(String name);
}
增加配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!-- 引用服务配置 -->
<dubbo:reference id="userService" interface="com.dubbo.api.UserService" cluster="failfast" check="false"/>
</beans>
该文件主要是提供给使用jar包的consumer,provider使用
添加依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>Demo</groupId>
<artifactId>DubboApi</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>DubboApi Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>DubboApi</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven
defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>com.dubbo.api.UserService</mainClass>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
</manifest>
</archive>
<classesDirectory>
</classesDirectory>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
使用maven package打包成jar,以便后续使用
2、新建maven工程DubboProvider
provider的服务启动方式,此处先使用网上普遍推荐的一种,使用dubbo自带的Main
接口实现类
package com.dubbo.provider;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.dubbo.api.UserService;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Override
public String sayHi(String arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "hello " + arg0 + "!";
}
}
Main服务启动类
package com.dubbo.provider;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class DubboProvider {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*使用自带的Main方法启动provider*/
com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main.main(args);
}
}
dubbo.properties
dubbo.container=spring
#set dubbo Sping load setting xmls
dubbo.spring.config=classpath*:dubbo-provider.xml
dubbo.protocol.name=dubbo
dubbo.protocol.port=28511
dubbo-provider
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<dubbo:application name="dubbo-provider"/>
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/>
<dubbo:provider cluster="failfast"/>
<bean id="userService" class="com.dubbo.provider.UserServiceImpl"/>
<dubbo:service interface="com.dubbo.api.UserService" ref="userService"/>
</beans>
添加依赖此处需要添加前面生成的DubboApi.jar
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>Demo</groupId>
<artifactId>DubboApi</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
<!-- <scope>provided</scope> -->
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3、DubboConsumer
web.xml
<context-param>
<description>加载日志文件</description>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<description>设置Spring容器加载所有的配置文件的路径</description>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:spring-config.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<filter>
<description>字符编码过滤器</description>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<description>spring监听器</description>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<description>防止spring内存溢出监听器</description>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<description>配置SpringMVC核心控制器</description>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 启动加载一次 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
spring-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
default-autowire="byName">
<!-- 开启注解配置 -->
<context:annotation-config/>
<import resource="classpath*:dubbo-consumer.xml"/>
</beans>
spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包路径 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.dubbo.controller"/>
</beans>
dubbo-consumer.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<dubbo:application name="dubbo-consumer"/>
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/>
<dubbo:consumer check="false"/>
<!-- 导入dubbo配置 -->
<import resource="classpath*:user-reference.xml"/>
<!-- <dubbo:reference id="userService" interface="com.dubbo.api.UserService" />-->
</beans>
此处dubbo的配置,import引入的则是前面介绍的api中的文件,此处引入api依赖,则可以直接使用user-reference.xml文件。不使用文件则直接写成注释掉的部分即可。
Controller
package com.dubbo.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.dubbo.api.UserService;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/hello.html")
@ResponseBody
public String sayHello(String name) {
String welcome = userService.sayHi(name);
return welcome;
}
}
添加依赖其中包含api的jar包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>Demo</groupId>
<artifactId>Consumer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>Consumer Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>Demo</groupId>
<artifactId>DubboApi</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-logging-log4j</artifactId>
<version>7.0.47</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>Consumer</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
到此处位置,代码已经垒完,下面开始启动。
1、首先本地需要有zookeeper服务中心,网上看一下很容易就可部署。可参照部署,执行zkServer.cmd,启动注册中心服务
2、启动provider
直接DubboProvider run as application,查看28511端口已经启动(配置文件中配置的provider暴露端口)
3、启动consumer
maven tomcat:run,查看8080端口已经启动
4、页面输入url
http://localhost:8080/Consumer/hello.html?name=test 可见效果
到此provider实现了UserService接口,consumer实现了服务调用。
通过部署dubbo-admin,可以看到注册中心的provider,consumer运行情况。
整个例子到这里可以结束了
搭建过程中,有的文章中有用jar包形式启动provider服务的,在这里我也顺便记录一下
1、首先修改主类
public static void main(String[] args) {
//使用jar包形式启动
try {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"classpath:dubbo-provider.xml");
context.start();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("== DubboProvider context start error:");
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (DubboProvider.class) {
while (true) {
try {
DubboProvider.class.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("== synchronized error:");
}
}
}
}
dubbo-provider中增加配置,将前面在dubbo.properties中的配置直接写进xml文件
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="28511"/>
pom.xml增加moven打包配置
<build>
<!--jar包名称-->
<finalName>DubboProvider</finalName>
<resources>
<!--recources文件夹下的所有文件都打进jar包-->
<resource>
<targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes</targetPath>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
</includes>
</resource>
<!-- 上文有说过,由于我的applicationContext.xml文件不是在META-INF下,这一段代码的作用就是将 applicationContext.xml文件拷贝到META-INF目录下-->
<resource>
<targetPath>${project.build.directory}/classes/META-INF/spring</targetPath>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<includes>
<include>applicationContext.xml</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<!-- 解决Maven插件在Eclipse内执行了一系列的生命周期引起冲突 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
<artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<lifecycleMappingMetadata>
<pluginExecutions>
<pluginExecution>
<pluginExecutionFilter>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
</pluginExecutionFilter>
<action>
<ignore />
</action>
</pluginExecution>
</pluginExecutions>
</lifecycleMappingMetadata>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<!-- 打包jar文件时,配置manifest文件,加入lib包的jar依赖 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<classesDirectory>target/classes/</classesDirectory>
<archive>
<manifest>
<!-- <mainClass>com.alibaba.dubbo.container.Main</mainClass> -->
<mainClass>com.dubbo.provider.DubboProvider</mainClass>
<!-- 打包时 MANIFEST.MF文件不记录的时间戳版本-->
<useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
</manifest>
<manifestEntries>
<Class-Path>.</Class-Path>
</manifestEntries>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy-dependencies</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<type>jar</type>
<includeTypes>jar</includeTypes>
<useUniqueVersions>false</useUniqueVersions>
<outputDirectory>
${project.build.directory}/lib
</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
maven install,生成jar包,按照网上的方法,将jar包和lib文件夹拷贝到同个目录下,进入cmd命令行模式,java -jar **即可启动provider。
总结:
1、pom.xml 中的scope标签,使用jar包启动provider过程中,报错识别不了dubbo-provider配置的标签,可是之前明明解决掉了,后来发现是pom.xml中的scope问题。
2、对于maven的操作特别不熟悉,此项目是创建的第一个maven工程,需要多加练习
3、对于配置文件中标签识别不了的问题,需要手动添加到xml catalog