支持组合函数，可由基本运算符、三角函数、对数函数、指数函数、括号运算符组成。
例：
// String function = "f(x)=12*(x^3*secx)+3";
// String function = "f(x)=1/x";
// String function = "f(x)=log2(x^3)";
// String function = "f(x)=tanx/2*(x^3)";
// String function = "f(x)=5*(x^3)*sinx+(5*cosx*(x^2))";
// String function = "f(x)=lg(4*x)+((x^3)/5))";
// String function = "f(x)=lnx*4/x+200-x";
// String function = "g(x)=-(x^2)+(x^3)";
核心代码：
/** * 常用数学计算，主要用于支持定积分。 * 使用说明： * 1.函数中避免使用e、pi这类参数。 * 2.针对有计算优先级的请加括号。 * 3.使用'x'作为指定变量，请在函数表达式中不要在其他位置使用'x'。 * @author: ulrika * @since: 2018/5/18 */ @Component public class MathUtil { private static final double pi = Math.PI; private static final double e = Math.E; /** * 采用梯形法计算定积分，支持函数中有加、减、乘法(*)、除法(-)、简单的三角函数、对数、指数、绝对值、括号的运算。 * @param function 函数，支持以"f(x)="或"g(x)="或直接开头的函数 * @param down 积分下限 * @param up 积分上限 * @param precision 分割精度（分割次数） * @param isRadians 是否是弧度 * @return */ public static double computeDefiniteIntegration(String function,double down,double up,int precision,boolean isRadians) throws Exception{ DecimalFormat decimalFormat = new DecimalFormat("##0.00000000"); if(function.contains("=")){ function = function.substring(function.indexOf('=')+1,function.length()); } double result = 0;Double piece =(up-down)/precision; for(Double downCopy = down;downCopy<up-piece;downCopy+=piece){ String function1 = function.replace("x",decimalFormat.format(downCopy)); String function2 = function.replace("x",decimalFormat.format(downCopy+piece)); result+=(executeExpression(function1,isRadians)+executeExpression(function2,isRadians))*piece/2; } return result; } /** * 执行一个表达式 * @param expression * @param isRadians * @return */ public static double executeExpression(String expression,boolean isRadians) throws Exception{ if(StringUtils.isEmpty(expression)){ return 0; } double result = 0; char[] expressionChars = expression.toCharArray(); boolean isFirstCharacter = true; int i = 0; //如果以数字开头，且执行加减法，则对首个数字进行加法 if(stringIsNumeric(expression.substring(0,1))&&isFirstCharacter==true){ int index = nextOperatorIndex(expressionChars,0); if(expression.length()==index){ result = plus(result,Double.parseDouble(expression.substring(0,index))); i += index; }else{ result = plus(result,Double.parseDouble(expression.substring(0,index))); i += index; } isFirstCharacter = false; } for(;i<expressionChars.length;i++){ if(expressionChars[i]=='s'||expressionChars[i]=='c'||expressionChars[i]=='t'||expressionChars[i]=='l'){ Map<String,Double> functionResult; if(expressionChars[i]=='l'&&(expressionChars[i+1]=='n'||expressionChars[i+1]=='g')){ functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i,i+2+handleLength(expression.substring(i+2))),isRadians); }else if(expressionChars[i]=='l'&&expressionChars[i+1]=='o'&&expressionChars[i+2]=='g'){ int firstOffset = handleLength(expression.substring(i+3)); functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i,i+3+firstOffset+handleLength(expression.substring(firstOffset+i+3))),isRadians); }else{ functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i,i+3+handleLength(expression.substring(i+3))),isRadians); } result += functionResult.get("result"); i += functionResult.get("index"); if(isFirstCharacter){ isFirstCharacter = false; } } switch(expressionChars[i]){ case '+': if(isFirstCharacter){ isFirstCharacter = false; } if(expressionChars[i+1]=='s'||expressionChars[i+1]=='c'||expressionChars[i+1]=='t'||expressionChars[i+1]=='l'){ Map<String,Double> functionResult; if(expressionChars[i+1]=='l'&&(expressionChars[i+2]=='n'||expressionChars[i+2]=='g')){ functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+3+handleLength(expression.substring(i+3))),isRadians); }else{ int firstOffset = handleLength(expression.substring(i+4)); functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+4+firstOffset+handleLength(expression.substring(i+4+firstOffset))),isRadians); } result += functionResult.get("result"); i += functionResult.get("index"); break; } if(expressionChars[i+1]=='('){ Map<String,Double> bracketResult = computeBracket(expression.substring(i+1,i+1+handleLength(expression.substring(i+1))),isRadians); result += bracketResult.get("result"); i += bracketResult.get("index"); }else{ int nextOperatorIndex1 = 0; Double tar1 = 0D; if(isFirstCharacter){ nextOperatorIndex1 = nextOperatorIndex(expressionChars,i); int nextOperator1 = nextOperatorIndex(expressionChars,nextOperatorIndex1+1); tar1 = Double.parseDouble(expression.substring(nextOperatorIndex1+1,nextOperator1)); i += expression.substring(nextOperatorIndex1+1,nextOperator1).length(); }else{ nextOperatorIndex1 = nextOperatorIndex(expressionChars,i+1); tar1 = Double.parseDouble(expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex1)); i += expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex1).length(); } result = plus(result,tar1); } break; case '-': if(expressionChars[i+1]=='s'||expressionChars[i+1]=='c'||expressionChars[i+1]=='t'||expressionChars[i+1]=='l'){ Map<String,Double> functionResult; if(expressionChars[i+1]=='l'&&(expressionChars[i+2]=='n'||expressionChars[i+2]=='g')){ functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+3+handleLength(expression.substring(i+3))),isRadians); }else{ int firstOffset = handleLength(expression.substring(i+4)); functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+4+firstOffset+handleLength(expression.substring(i+4+firstOffset))),isRadians); } result -= functionResult.get("result"); i += functionResult.get("index"); break; } if(expressionChars[i+1]=='('){ Map<String,Double> bracketResult = computeBracket(expression.substring(i+1,expression.length()),isRadians); result -= bracketResult.get("result"); i += bracketResult.get("index"); }else{ int nextOperatorIndex2 = 0; Double tar2 = 0D; if(isFirstCharacter){ nextOperatorIndex2 = nextOperatorIndex(expressionChars,i); int nextOperator2 = nextOperatorIndex(expressionChars,nextOperatorIndex2+1); tar2 = Double.parseDouble(expression.substring(nextOperatorIndex2+1,nextOperator2)); i += expression.substring(nextOperatorIndex2+1,nextOperator2).length(); }else{ nextOperatorIndex2 = nextOperatorIndex(expressionChars,i+1); tar2 = Double.parseDouble(expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex2)); i += expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex2).length(); } result = minus(result,tar2); } if(isFirstCharacter){ isFirstCharacter = false; } break; case '*': double src1 = executeExpression(expression.substring(previousOperatorIndex(expressionChars,i),i),isRadians); if(expressionChars[i+1]=='s'||expressionChars[i+1]=='c'||expressionChars[i+1]=='t'||expressionChars[i+1]=='l'){ Map<String,Double> functionResult; if(expressionChars[i+1]=='l'&&(expressionChars[i+2]=='n'||expressionChars[i+2]=='g')){ functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+3+handleLength(expression.substring(i+3))),isRadians); }else{ int firstOffset = handleLength(expression.substring(i+4)); functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+4+firstOffset+handleLength(expression.substring(i+4+firstOffset))),isRadians); } result = computeValue('*',result,functionResult.get("result")); i += functionResult.get("index"); break; } int nextOperatorIndex3 = i+1+handleLength(expression.substring(i+1)); if(expressionChars[i+1]=='('){ Map<String,Double> bracketResult = computeBracket(expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex3),isRadians); result = computeValue('*',result,bracketResult.get("result")); i += bracketResult.get("index"); }else{ Double tar3 = executeExpression(expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex3),isRadians); result = computeValue('*',result,tar3); i += expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex3).length(); } if(isFirstCharacter){ isFirstCharacter = false; } break; case '/': double src2 = executeExpression(expression.substring(previousOperatorIndex(expressionChars,i),i),isRadians); if(expressionChars[i+1]=='s'||expressionChars[i+1]=='c'||expressionChars[i+1]=='t'||expressionChars[i+1]=='l'){ Map<String,Double> functionResult; if(expressionChars[i+1]=='l'&&(expressionChars[i+2]=='n'||expressionChars[i+2]=='g')){ functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+3+handleLength(expression.substring(i+3))),isRadians); }else{ int firstOffset = handleLength(expression.substring(i+4)); functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+4+firstOffset+handleLength(expression.substring(i+firstOffset+4))),isRadians); } result = computeValue('/',result,functionResult.get("result")); i += functionResult.get("index"); break; } int nextOperatorIndex4 = i+1+handleLength(expression.substring(i+1)); if(expressionChars[i+1]=='('){ Map<String,Double> bracketResult = computeBracket(expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex4),isRadians); result = computeValue('/',result,bracketResult.get("result")); i += bracketResult.get("index"); }else{ Double tar4 = executeExpression(expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex4),isRadians); result = computeValue('/',result,tar4); i += expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex4).length(); } if(isFirstCharacter){ i--; isFirstCharacter = false; } break; case '^': // int previousOperatorIndex = previousOperatorIndex(expressionChars,i); // double value = executeExpression(expression.substring(previousOperatorIndex,i),isRadians); if(expressionChars[i+1]=='s'||expressionChars[i+1]=='c'||expressionChars[i+1]=='t'||expressionChars[i+1]=='l'){ Map<String,Double> functionResult; if(expressionChars[i+1]=='l'&&(expressionChars[i+2]=='n'||expressionChars[i+2]=='g')){ functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+3+handleLength(expression.substring(i+3))),isRadians); }else{ int firstOffset = handleLength(expression.substring(i+4)); functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+firstOffset+4+handleLength(expression.substring(i+firstOffset+4))),isRadians); } result = computeValue('^',result,functionResult.get("result")); i += functionResult.get("index"); break; } int nextOperatorIndex5 = i+1+handleLength(expression.substring(i+1)); if(expressionChars[i+1]=='('){ Map<String,Double> bracketResult = computeBracket(expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex5),isRadians); result = computeValue('^',result,bracketResult.get("result")); i += bracketResult.get("index"); }else{ Double tar5 = executeExpression(expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex5),isRadians); result = computeValue('^',result,tar5); i += expression.substring(i+1,nextOperatorIndex5).length(); } if(isFirstCharacter){ i--; isFirstCharacter = false; } break; case '(': if(expressionChars[i+1]=='s'||expressionChars[i+1]=='c'||expressionChars[i+1]=='t'||expressionChars[i+1]=='l'){ Map<String,Double> functionResult; if(expressionChars[i+1]=='l'&&(expressionChars[i+2]=='n'||expressionChars[i+2]=='g')){ functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+3+handleLength(expression.substring(i+3))),isRadians); }else{ int firstOffset = handleLength(expression.substring(i+4)); functionResult = executeFunction(expression.substring(i+1,i+firstOffset+4+handleLength(expression.substring(i+firstOffset+4))),isRadians); } result += functionResult.get("result"); i += 2+functionResult.get("index"); break; } Map<String,Double> bracketResult = computeBracket(expression.substring(i),isRadians); result += bracketResult.get("result"); i += bracketResult.get("index"); if(isFirstCharacter){ isFirstCharacter = false; } break; } } return result; } /** * 执行三角函数运算、对数运算、指数运算 * @param function * @param isRadians * @return */ public static Map<String,Double> executeFunction(String function,boolean isRadians) throws Exception{ Map<String,Double> result = Maps.newHashMap(); switch(function.charAt(0)){ case 's': if(function.startsWith("sin")){ int offset1 = handleLength(function.substring(3)); double result1 = sin(executeExpression(function.substring(3,3+offset1),isRadians),isRadians); result.put("result",result1); result.put("index",3+new Double(offset1)); return result; } if(function.startsWith("sec")){ int offset2 = handleLength(function.substring(3)); double result2 = sec(executeExpression(function.substring(3,3+offset2),isRadians),isRadians); result.put("result",result2); result.put("index",3+new Double(offset2)); return result; } break; case 'c': if(function.startsWith("cos")){ double result3 = cos(executeExpression(function.substring(3),isRadians),isRadians); int offset3 = handleLength(function.substring(3)); result.put("result",result3); result.put("index",3+new Double(offset3)); return result; } if(function.startsWith("cot")){ int offset4 = handleLength(function.substring(3)); double result4 = cot(executeExpression(function.substring(3,3+offset4),isRadians),isRadians); result.put("result",result4); result.put("index",3+new Double(offset4)); return result; } if(function.startsWith("csc")){ double result5 = csc(executeExpression(function.substring(3),isRadians),isRadians); int offset5 = handleLength(function.substring(3)); result.put("result",result5); result.put("index",3+new Double(offset5)); return result; } break; case 't': double result6 = tan(executeExpression(function.substring(3),isRadians),isRadians); int offset6 = handleLength(function.substring(3)); result.put("result",result6); result.put("index",3+new Double(offset6)); return result; case 'l': if(function.startsWith("ln")){ double result7 = logarithm(e,executeExpression(function.substring(2),isRadians)); int offset7 = handleLength(function.substring(2)); result.put("result",result7); result.put("index",2+new Double(offset7)); return result; } if(function.startsWith("lg")){ double result8 = logarithm(10,executeExpression(function.substring(2),isRadians)); int offset8 = handleLength(function.substring(2)); result.put("result",result8); result.put("index",2+new Double(offset8)); return result; } if(function.startsWith("log")){ int firstIndex = nextOperatorIndex(function.toCharArray(),3); Double firstOffset = Double.parseDouble(function.substring(3,nextOperatorIndex(function.toCharArray(),3))); Double value = executeExpression(function.substring(firstIndex, firstIndex+handleLength(function.substring(firstIndex))),isRadians); double result9 = logarithm(firstOffset,value); double offset9 = handleLength(function.substring(firstIndex)); result.put("result",result9); result.put("index",firstIndex+offset9-1); return result; } break; } return result; } public static double plus(double src,double tar){ return src+tar; } public static double minus(double src,double tar){ return src-tar; } public static double multiply(double src,double tar){ return src*tar; } public static double divide(double src,double tar){ if(tar!=0.0d){ return src/tar; }else{ return Double.NaN; } } public static double sin(double x,boolean isRadians){ if(isRadians){ return Math.sin(x); }else{ return Math.sin(x*pi/180); } } public static double cos(double x,boolean isRadians){ if(isRadians){ return Math.cos(x); }else{ return Math.cos(x*pi/180); } } public static double tan(double x,boolean isRadians){ if(isRadians){ return Math.tan(x); }else{ return Math.tan(x*pi/180); } } public static double cot(double x,boolean isRadians){ double tanx = tan(x,isRadians); if(tanx==0){ return Double.NaN; }else{ return 1/tanx; } } public static double sec(double x,boolean isRadians){ double cosx = cos(x,isRadians); if(cosx==0){ return Double.NaN; }else{ return 1/cosx; } } public static double csc(double x,boolean isRadians){ double sinx = sin(x,isRadians); if(sinx==0){ return Double.NaN; }else{ return 1/sinx; } } /** * 对数运算，如输入(10,100)则实际运算为log10(100) * @param offset 下标 * @param value 值 * @return */ public static double logarithm(double offset,double value){ if(offset==0||value==0||Math.log(offset)==0){ return Double.NaN; } return Math.log(value)/Math.log(offset); } /** * 指数运算，如输入(2,4)则实际运算为2^4 * @param value 值 * @param index 指数 * @return */ public static double exponent(double value,double index){ return Math.pow(value,index); } /** * 运算一个完整的括号的表达式，括号数量不对将扔出异常。 * 主要用于将类似(1+(2+3))之类的表达式解析成1+(2+3) * @param expression 表达式 * @param isRadians 是否是弧度 * @return */ public static Map<String,Double> computeBracket(String expression,boolean isRadians) throws Exception{ Integer backIndex = expression.indexOf(")",1); int offset = 0; for(String frontExp = expression;;){ int frontIndex = frontExp.indexOf("(",1); if(backIndex==-1){ //TODO 扔出异常 throw new Exception("错了"); } //如果没有下一个"("或者下一个"("的位置在当前下一个")"位置之后 if(frontIndex == -1||frontIndex>backIndex){ double expressionResult = executeExpression(expression.substring(1,backIndex+offset),isRadians); Map<String,Double> result = Maps.newHashMap(); result.put("result",expressionResult); result.put("index",Double.parseDouble(backIndex.toString())+offset); return result; } else{ frontExp = frontExp.substring(frontIndex,frontExp.length()); backIndex = frontExp.indexOf(")",backIndex+1-frontIndex); offset+=frontIndex; } } } public static boolean compareCharCount(String front,String back,String expression){ int frontCount = 0,backCount = 0; for(String frontExp = expression;frontExp.indexOf(front) != -1;){ int index = frontExp.indexOf(front); if(index == -1){ break; } frontCount++; frontExp = frontExp.substring(index+front.length(),frontExp.length()); } for(String backExp = expression;backExp.indexOf(back) != -1;){ int index = backExp.indexOf(back); if(index == -1){ break; } backCount++; backExp = backExp.substring(index+back.length(),backExp.length()); } return frontCount==backCount; } /** * 获取表达式指定位置之后的一个运算符的位置 * @param chars * @return */ private static int nextOperatorIndex(char[] chars,int index){ String expression = new String(chars); if(StringUtils.isEmpty(expression)){ return 0; } int operatorIndex = index+1; for(;operatorIndex<expression.length();operatorIndex++){ if(!stringIsNumeric(expression.substring(index,operatorIndex))&&chars[operatorIndex-1]!=('.')){ String string = expression.substring(operatorIndex-1,operatorIndex); return operatorIndex-1; } } return operatorIndex; } /** * 获取表达式指定位置之前的一个运算符的位置 */ private static int previousOperatorIndex(char[] chars,int index){ String expression = new String(chars,0,index); int operatorIndex = 1,frontBracket = 0,backBracket = 0; for(;operatorIndex<expression.length();operatorIndex++){ if(!stringIsNumeric(expression.substring(expression.length()-operatorIndex)) &&chars[expression.length()-operatorIndex]!='.'){ return expression.length()-operatorIndex+1; } } return expression.length()-operatorIndex; } /** * 支持浮点型的判断字符串为数字类型的方法 * @param cs * @return */ public static boolean stringIsNumeric(final String cs){ if(StringUtils.isEmpty(cs)){ return false; } if(cs.startsWith(".")||cs.startsWith(".")){ return false; } int pointCount = 0,size = cs.length(); for(int i=0;i<size;i++){ if(Character.isDigit(cs.charAt(i))==true){ continue; }else if(cs.charAt(i)=='.'){ if(pointCount>1){ return false; } pointCount++; }else{ return false; } } return true; } /** * 针对有双参数的操作，如乘、除、指数 * @param operator * @param result * @param changedValue * @return */ private static double computeValue(char operator,double result,double changedValue){ Double result1 = 0D; switch(operator){ case '*':result1 = multiply(result,changedValue);break; case '/':result1 = divide(result,changedValue);break; case '^':result1 = exponent(result,changedValue);break; } return result1; } /** * 针对执行函数，处理长度问题 */ private static int handleLength(String expression){ if(expression.startsWith("(")){ Integer backIndex = expression.indexOf(")",1); int offset = 0; for(String frontExp = expression;;) { int frontIndex = frontExp.indexOf("(", 1); if (backIndex == -1) { //TODO 扔出异常 } //如果没有下一个"("或者下一个"("的位置在当前下一个")"位置之后 if (frontIndex == -1 || frontIndex > backIndex) { return backIndex+offset+1; } else { frontExp = frontExp.substring(frontIndex, frontExp.length()); backIndex = frontExp.indexOf(")", backIndex + 1 - frontIndex); offset += frontIndex; } } }else{ return nextOperatorIndex(expression.toCharArray(),0); } } }
类核心方法：executeExpression()，用于执行一个表达式
类常用方法：executeFunction()，用于执行三角函数、指数函数、对数函数
handleLength(),用于获取在指定运算符之后的参数的长度
computeBracket(),计算一串表达式中一个"("所匹配的")"的位置
stringIsNumeric(),比对字符串是否可转换为数字类型，与org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils的isNumeric()方法最大的差别是实现了对浮点类型的判断
实现思想：通过从左向右匹配操作符，对有优先级的方法使用括号进行提取运算，对乘除法，指数运算等采用将前一结果与后一参数直接运算的方式，因此一定要合理运用括号。匹配到操作符后，匹配对应参数位置和参数长度，提取进行运算后将结果汇总。
其他：除了括号外没有加入其他优先级判断，有兴趣可以自己实现
使用示例：
Double result = MathUtil.computeDefiniteIntegration(function,10,20,20000,false);
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