一维颜色分布直方图

// 一维颜色分布直方图.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	IplImage * src= cvLoadImage("f:\\vc\\cv\\circle.jpg");

	IplImage* hsv = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(src), 8, 3 );
	IplImage* h_plane = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(src), 8, 1 );
	IplImage* s_plane = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(src), 8, 1 );
	IplImage* v_plane = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(src), 8, 1 );
	IplImage* planes[] = { h_plane};
	/** H 分量划分为16个等级，S分量划分为8个等级 */
	int h_bins =256;
	int hist_size[] = {h_bins};
	/** H 分量的变化范围 */
	float h_ranges[] = { 0, 255 }; 
	/** S 分量的变化范围*/
//	float s_ranges[] = { 0, 255 };
	float* ranges[] = { h_ranges};

	/** 输入图像转换到HSV颜色空间 */
	cvCvtColor( src, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV );
	cvSplit( hsv, h_plane, s_plane, v_plane, 0 );

	/** 创建直方图，二维, 每个维度上均分 */
	CvHistogram * hist = cvCreateHist( 1, hist_size, CV_HIST_ARRAY, ranges, 1 );
	cvClearHist(hist);
	/** 根据H,S两个平面数据统计直方图 */                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
	cvCalcHist( planes, hist, 0, 0 );
	/** 获取直方图统计的最大值，用于动态显示直方图 */
	float max_value=0;
	cvGetMinMaxHistValue( hist, 0, &max_value, 0, 0 );
   
  /** 设置直方图显示图像 */
	int height = 256;
	int width = h_bins;
	IplImage* hist_img = cvCreateImage( cvSize(width,height), 8, 1 );
	cvZero( hist_img );
	
	/** 用来进行HSV到RGB颜色转换的临时单位图像 */
	IplImage * hsv_color = cvCreateImage(cvSize(1,1),8,3);
	IplImage * rgb_color = cvCreateImage(cvSize(1,1),8,3);
	
	 for(int h = 0; h < 255; h++)
	{
		
			 
			/** 获得直方图中的统计次数，计算显示在图像中的高度 */         
			float bin_val = cvQueryHistValue_1D( hist,h );
			int intensity = cvRound(bin_val*height/max_value);
 
			/** 获得当前直方图代表的颜色，转换成RGB用于绘制 */
	//		cvSet1D(hsv_color,0,cvScalar(255));
	//		cvCvtColor(hsv_color,rgb_color,CV_HSV2BGR);
		//	CvScalar color = cvGet1D(rgb_color,0);
 
		   	cvRectangle( hist_img, cvPoint(h,height),
			cvPoint((h+1),height - intensity),
			cvScalar(255), -1, 8, 0 );
								
	}
	 	  cvNamedWindow( "Source", 1 );
			cvShowImage( "Source", src );
 
			cvNamedWindow( "H-S Histogram", 1 );
			cvShowImage( "H-S Histogram", hist_img );
 
			cvWaitKey(0);

	return 0;
}

运动物体跟踪

//对运动物体的跟踪：
 //如果背景固定,可用帧差法 然后在计算下连通域 将面积小的去掉即可
 //如果背景单一,即你要跟踪的物体颜色和背景色有较大区别 可用基于颜色的跟踪 如CAMSHIFT 鲁棒性都是较好的
 //如果背景复杂,如背景中有和前景一样的颜色 就需要用到一些具有预测性的算法 如卡尔曼滤波等 可以和CAMSHIFT结合 

 #include "cv.h"
 #include "highgui.h"
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <ctype.h>

 IplImage *image = 0, *hsv = 0, *hue = 0, *mask = 0, *backproject = 0, *histimg = 0;
 //用HSV中的Hue分量进行跟踪
 CvHistogram *hist = 0;
 //直方图类
 int backproject_mode = 0;
 int select_object = 0;
 int track_object = 0;
 int show_hist = 1;
 CvPoint origin;
 CvRect selection;
 CvRect track_window;
 CvBox2D track_box;
 //Meanshift跟踪算法返回的Box类
 //typedef struct CvBox2D{
 //CvPoint2D32f center; /* 盒子的中心 */
 //CvSize2D32f size; /* 盒子的长和宽 */
 //float angle; /* 水平轴与第一个边的夹角，用弧度表示*/
 //}CvBox2D;
 CvConnectedComp track_comp;
 //连接部件 
//typedef struct CvConnectedComp{
 //double area; /* 连通域的面积 */
 //float value; /* 分割域的灰度缩放值 */
 //CvRect rect; /* 分割域的 ROI */
 //} CvConnectedComp;
 int hdims = 16;
 //划分直方图bins的个数，越多越精确
 float hranges_arr[] = {0,180};
 //像素值的范围
 float* hranges = hranges_arr;
 //用于初始化CvHistogram类
 int vmin = 10, vmax = 256, smin = 30;
 //用于设置滑动条
 void on_mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param )
 //鼠标回调函数,该函数用鼠标进行跟踪目标的选择
 {
     if( !image )
         return;
     if( image->origin )
         y = image->height - y;
     //如果图像原点坐标在左下,则将其改为左上

     if( select_object )
     //select_object为1,表示在用鼠标进行目标选择
     //此时对矩形类selection用当前的鼠标位置进行设置
     {
         selection.x = MIN(x,origin.x);
         selection.y = MIN(y,origin.y);
         selection.width = selection.x + CV_IABS(x - origin.x);
         selection.height = selection.y + CV_IABS(y - origin.y);
         
         selection.x = MAX( selection.x, 0 );
         selection.y = MAX( selection.y, 0 );
         selection.width = MIN( selection.width, image->width );
         selection.height = MIN( selection.height, image->height );
         selection.width -= selection.x;
         selection.height -= selection.y;
     }
     switch( event )
     {
     case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
      //鼠标按下,开始点击选择跟踪物体
         origin = cvPoint(x,y);
         selection = cvRect(x,y,0,0);
         select_object = 1;
         break;
     case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
      //鼠标松开,完成选择跟踪物体
         select_object = 0;
         if( selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )
          //如果选择物体有效，则打开跟踪功能
             track_object = -1;
         break;
     }
 }
 
CvScalar hsv2rgb( float hue )
 //用于将Hue量转换成RGB量
 {
     int rgb[3], p, sector;
     static const int sector_data[][3]=
         {{0,2,1}, {1,2,0}, {1,0,2}, {2,0,1}, {2,1,0}, {0,1,2}};
     hue *= 0.033333333333333333333333333333333f;
     sector = cvFloor(hue);
     p = cvRound(255*(hue - sector));
     p ^= sector & 1 ? 255 : 0;
     rgb[sector_data[sector][0]] = 255;
     rgb[sector_data[sector][1]] = 0;
     rgb[sector_data[sector][2]] = p;
     return cvScalar(rgb[2], rgb[1], rgb[0],0);
 }
 int main( int argc, char** argv )
 {
     CvCapture* capture = 0;
     
   
         capture = cvCaptureFromCAM( argc == 2 ? argv[1][0] - '0' : 0 );
    
 
     printf( "Hot keys: \n"
         "\tESC - quit the program\n"
         "\tc - stop the tracking\n"
         "\tb - switch to/from backprojection view\n"
         "\th - show/hide object histogram\n"
         "To initialize tracking, select the object with mouse\n" );
 //打印程序功能列表

     cvNamedWindow( "Histogram", 1 );
     //用于显示直方图
     cvNamedWindow( "CamShiftDemo", 1 );
     //用于显示视频
     cvSetMouseCallback( "CamShiftDemo", on_mouse, 0 );
     //设置鼠标回调函数
     cvCreateTrackbar( "Vmin", "CamShiftDemo", &vmin, 256, 0 );
     cvCreateTrackbar( "Vmax", "CamShiftDemo", &vmax, 256, 0 );
     cvCreateTrackbar( "Smin", "CamShiftDemo", &smin, 256, 0 );
     //设置滑动条
     for(;;)
     //进入视频帧处理主循环
     {
         IplImage* frame = 0;
         int i, bin_w, c;
         frame = cvQueryFrame( capture );
         if( !frame )
             break;
         if( !image )
         //image为0,表明刚开始还未对image操作过,先建立一些缓冲区
         {
             image = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 3 );
             image->origin = frame->origin;
             hsv = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 3 );
             hue = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );
             mask = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );
             //分配掩膜图像空间
             backproject = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );
             //分配反向投影图空间,大小一样,单通道
             hist = cvCreateHist( 1, &hdims, CV_HIST_ARRAY, &hranges, 1 );
             //分配直方图空间
             histimg = cvCreateImage( cvSize(320,200), 8, 3 );
             //分配用于直方图显示的空间
             cvZero( histimg );
             //置背景为黑色
         }
         cvCopy( frame, image, 0 );
         cvCvtColor( image, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV );
         //把图像从RGB表色系转为HSV表色系
         if( track_object )
         //track_object非零,表示有需要跟踪的物体
         {
             int _vmin = vmin, _vmax = vmax;
             cvInRangeS( hsv, cvScalar(0,smin,MIN(_vmin,_vmax),0),
                         cvScalar(180,256,MAX(_vmin,_vmax),0), mask );
             //制作掩膜板，只处理像素值为H：0~180，S：smin~256，V：vmin~vmax之间的部分
             cvSplit( hsv, hue, 0, 0, 0 );
    //分离H分量
    
             if( track_object < 0 )
             //如果需要跟踪的物体还没有进行属性提取，则进行选取框类的图像属性提取
             {
                 float max_val = 0.f;
                 cvSetImageROI( hue, selection );
                 //设置原选择框为ROI
                 cvSetImageROI( mask, selection );
                 //设置掩膜板选择框为ROI
                 cvCalcHist( &hue, hist, 0, mask );
                 //得到选择框内且满足掩膜板内的直方图
                 cvGetMinMaxHistValue( hist, 0, &max_val, 0, 0 );
                 cvConvertScale( hist->bins, hist->bins, max_val ? 255. / max_val : 0., 0 );
                 // 对直方图的数值转为0~255
                 cvResetImageROI( hue );
                 //去除ROI
                 cvResetImageROI( mask );
                 //去除ROI
                 track_window = selection;
                 track_object = 1;
     //置track_object为1,表明属性提取完成
                 cvZero( histimg );
                 bin_w = histimg->width / hdims;
                 for( i = 0; i < hdims; i++ )
                 //画直方图到图像空间
                 {
                     int val = cvRound( cvGetReal1D(hist->bins,i)*histimg->height/255 );
                     CvScalar color = hsv2rgb(i*180.f/hdims);
                     cvRectangle( histimg, cvPoint(i*bin_w,histimg->height),
                                  cvPoint((i+1)*bin_w,histimg->height - val),
                                  color, -1, 8, 0 );
                 }
             }
             cvCalcBackProject( &hue, backproject, hist );
             //计算hue的反向投影图
             cvAnd( backproject, mask, backproject, 0 );
             //得到掩膜内的反向投影
             cvCamShift( backproject, track_window,
                         cvTermCriteria( CV_TERMCRIT_EPS | CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 10, 1 ),
                         &track_comp, &track_box );
             //使用MeanShift算法对backproject中的内容进行搜索,返回跟踪结果
             track_window = track_comp.rect;
             //得到跟踪结果的矩形框
             
             if( backproject_mode )
                 cvCvtColor( backproject, image, CV_GRAY2BGR );
                 
            if( image->origin )
                 track_box.angle = -track_box.angle;
             cvEllipseBox( image, track_box, CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, CV_AA, 0 );
             //画出跟踪结果的位置
         }
         
         if( select_object && selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )
         //如果正处于物体选择，画出选择框
         {
             cvSetImageROI( image, selection );
             cvXorS( image, cvScalarAll(255), image, 0 );
             cvResetImageROI( image );
         }
         cvShowImage( "CamShiftDemo", image );
         cvShowImage( "Histogram", histimg );
         c = cvWaitKey(10);
         if( (char) c == 27 )
             break;
         switch( (char) c )
         //按键切换功能
         {
         case 'b':
             backproject_mode ^= 1;
             break;
         case 'c':
             track_object = 0;
             cvZero( histimg );
             break;
         case 'h':
             show_hist ^= 1;
             if( !show_hist )
                 cvDestroyWindow( "Histogram" );
             else
                 cvNamedWindow( "Histogram", 1 );
             break;
         default:
             ;
         }
     }
     cvReleaseCapture( &capture );
     cvDestroyWindow("CamShiftDemo");
     return 0;
 }