自定义类型是否可以作为Map的Key问题

 虽说经常用map，但是我用它的时候，key都是用String或者Integer类型，今天偶然想到，可不可以用自己定义的对象作为map的key呢？

talk is cheap give me code

class Student{
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public Student(String name,String sex){
        this.name=name;
        this.sex=sex;
    }
    public Student(){}
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<Student,String> map = new HashMap();
        Student s1 = new Student();
        s1.setName("一号");
        s1.setSex("男");
        Student s2 = new Student();
        s2.setName("二号");
        s2.setSex("女");
        map.put(s1, "111");
        map.put(s2, "222");

        Set set = map.keySet(); //试了试遍历key，然后获取
        for(Object s:set){
            System.out.println(map.get(s));
        }
        map.put(new Student("二号","女"),"333");
        System.out.println(map.get(new Student("二号","女"))); //试了试单独根据key获取值
    }
}

 

结果是这个，为何会存在一个null呢？？？？

因为map存储获取都是根据hashcode值和equals方法有联系，前边将map的key拿到再放进去获取value，并没有发生对象的变化，hashcode值也不变，下边我又以新的对象去map中获取，此时的hashcode值已经变了，所以返回为null，因为那是我新new的对象所以，map已经不认识了。

怎么才能解决这个问题呢。重写Student的hashcode方法和equals方法就可以了,如下：

class Student{
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public Student(String name,String sex){
        this.name=name;
        this.sex=sex;
    }
    public Student(){}
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }@Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((sex == null) ? 0 : sex.hashCode());
        return result;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Student other = (Student) obj;
        if (name == null) {
            if (other.name != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!name.equals(other.name))
            return false;
        if (sex == null) {
            if (other.sex != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!sex.equals(other.sex))
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<Student,String> map = new HashMap();
        Student s1 = new Student();
        s1.setName("一号");
        s1.setSex("男");
        Student s2 = new Student();
        s2.setName("二号");
        s2.setSex("女");
        map.put(s1, "111");
        map.put(s2, "222");

        Set set = map.keySet(); //试了试遍历key，然后获取
        for(Object s:set){
            System.out.println(map.get(s));
        }
        map.put(new Student("二号","女"),"333");
        System.out.println(map.get(new Student("二号","女"))); //试了试单独根据key获取值
    }
}

 

综上：如果要以可变对象作为key的话，需要重写hashcode和equal方法来达到这个目的。

本篇博客是刚刚踩坑之后写的，之前的博主坑还是很明显的。附上链接https://blog.csdn.net/wohaqiyi/article/details/57083444