java实现MQTT并在Ubuntu上运行

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-19 10:41:01 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-19 10:41:01 发布

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分类专栏：物联网开发文章标签： java ubuntu intellij-idea

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qaz96801/article/details/130156623

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6 篇文章 1 订阅

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1.部署MQTT服务器(有MQTT服务器的可以跳过)

前言

最近一个物联网项目需要用到MQTT, 写一个Demo测试下~

一、环境介绍

JAVA

Intellij IDEA 2022.3.3 (Ultimate Edition)

jdk-1.8.0_77

Ubuntu

Linux version 5.10.110 (root@seven-HP-ZHAN-99-Pro-G1-MT) (aarch64-none-linux-gnu-gcc (GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 10.3-2021.07 (arm-10.29)) 10.3.1 20210621, GNU ld (GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture 10.3-2021.07 (arm-10.29)) 2.36.1.20210621) #11 SMP Fri Feb 10 18:15:24 CST 2023

openjdk version "11.0.18" 2023-01-17
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.18+10-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.18+10-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04.1, mixed mode)

二、设备介绍

三、前期准备

1.部署MQTT服务器(有MQTT服务器的可以跳过)

1.1下载开源免费的MQTT服务

我这里用的是EMQX,EMQX官网有更详细的教程,这里就不赘述了下载 EMQXhttps://www.emqx.io/zh/downloads?os=Windows

1.2网页登录控制台

浏览器输入 http://127.0.0.1:18083/即可进入控制台

1.2.1浏览器无法进入http://127.0.0.1 解决办法:

打开控制面板--程序和功能--启动和关闭windows功能--安装IIS服务

点击确定后重启设备

重启后浏览器输入 http://127.0.0.1 , 能看到这样的就可以了,再次输入MQTT控制台网址即可

1.3测试发送消息

进入webSocket , 可以用来调试mqtt . 也可以用Easy-to-Use Online MQTT Client调试Easy-to-Use Online MQTT Client | Try NowOnline MQTT 5.0 client on the web, using MQTT over WebSocket to connect to the MQTT Broker and test message publishing and receiving in the browser.http://www.emqx.io/online-mqtt-client#/

Easy-to-Use Online MQTT Client截图:

能收到消息回复说明服务器已经搭建成功, 可以编写自己的程序测试了~

2.创建JAVA程序, 并引入依赖库

pom.xml中加入依赖：

        <dependencies>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-integration-mqtt</artifactId>
                <version>5.4.6</version>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>

四、编写java程序

代码如下（示例）：

编写工具类MQTTUtils.java

需要根据自己环境调整
/**
 * mqtt服务器的地址和端口号
 */
private String serviceURI = "tcp://127.0.0.1:1883";
/**
 * 客户端Id
 */
private final String clientId = "ARMT" + (int) (Math.random() * 1000000);

完整代码:

package org.example;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.*;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;

public class MQTTUtils {
    private MqttClient mqttClient;

    //TODO 需要根据自己环境调整
    /**
     * mqtt服务器的地址和端口号
     */
    private String serviceURI = "tcp://127.0.0.1:1883";
    /**
     * 客户端Id
     */
    private final String clientId = "ARMT" + (int) (Math.random() * 1000000);


    /**
     * 客户端connect连接mqtt服务器
     *
     * @param user         用户名
     * @param pwd          密码
     * @param mqttCallback 回调函数 , 不为null
     **/
    public void mqttClientConnect(String user, String pwd, MqttCallback mqttCallback) throws MqttException {
        MqttConnectOptions options = mqttConnectOptions(user, pwd);
        if (mqttCallback == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("MqttCallback is null");
        }
        mqttClient.setCallback(mqttCallback);
        mqttClient.connect(options);
    }

    /**
     * MQTT设置参数设置
     *
     * @param user 用户名
     * @param pwd  密码
     * @return MqttConnectOptions
     */
    private MqttConnectOptions mqttConnectOptions(String user, String pwd) throws MqttException {
        mqttClient = new MqttClient(serviceURI, clientId, new MemoryPersistence());
        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
        options.setUserName(user);
        options.setPassword(pwd.toCharArray());
        //设置超时时间，单位为秒
        options.setConnectionTimeout(30);
        //自动重连,也可以自定义自动重连
        options.setAutomaticReconnect(true);//默认：false
        //是否清空session,设置为false表示服务器会保留客户端的连接记录，客户端重连之后能获取到服务器在客户端断开连接期间推送的消息
        //设置为true表示每次连接到服务端都是以新的身份
        options.setCleanSession(false);
        //设置心跳时间
        options.setKeepAliveInterval(60);
        return options;
    }

    /**
     * 关闭MQTT连接
     */
    public void close() throws MqttException {
        mqttClient.close();
        mqttClient.disconnect();
    }

    /**
     * 往主题发布消息 默认qos==0  “至多一次”
     *
     * @param topic:发布的主题
     * @param msg：发布的消息
     */
    public void publish(String topic, String msg) throws MqttException {
        publish(topic, msg, 0);
    }

    /**
     * 往主题发布消息
     *
     * @param topic: 发布的主题
     * @param msg:   发布的消息
     * @param qos:   消息质量    Qos：0、“至多一次”，会发生消息丢失
     *               1、“至少一次”，确保消息到达，但消息重复可能会发生
     *               2、“只有一次”，确保消息到达一次
     */
    public void publish(String topic, String msg, int qos) throws MqttException {
        MqttMessage mqttMessage = new MqttMessage();
        mqttMessage.setQos(qos);
        mqttMessage.setPayload(msg.getBytes());
        MqttTopic mqttTopic = mqttClient.getTopic(topic);
        MqttDeliveryToken token = mqttTopic.publish(mqttMessage);
        token.waitForCompletion();
    }

    /**
     * 订阅主题 ，默认的的Qos等级为：0
     *
     * @param topic 主题
     */
    public void subscribe(String topic) throws MqttException {
        subscribe(topic, 0);
    }

    /**
     * 订阅某一个主题，可携带Qos
     *
     * @param topic 所要订阅的主题
     * @param qos   消息质量：0、1、2
     */
    public void subscribe(String topic, int qos) throws MqttException {
        mqttClient.subscribe(topic, qos);
    }


}

mian.java中调用:

 //初始化
 mqttUtils = new MQTTUtils();

 //TODO 我自己部署的服务器没改账号密码, 默认就是admin public ,
 mqttUtils.mqttClientConnect("admin", "public", new MqttCallback() {
            @Override
            public void connectionLost(Throwable throwable) {
                System.out.println("与服务器断开连接，可重连");
            }

            @Override
            public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage mqttMessage) throws Exception {
                label.setText("<html>主题: "+topic+"  Qos: "+mqttMessage.getQos()+" 内容:"+new String(mqttMessage.getPayload())+" </html>");
            }

            @Override
            public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken iMqttDeliveryToken) {
                IMqttAsyncClient client = iMqttDeliveryToken.getClient();
                System.out.println(client.getClientId()+"  发布消息成功！");
            }
        });

订阅主题:

//订阅主题testtopic
mqttUtils.subscribe("testtopic");

发送消息:

//往主题"testtopic"发送一串随机字符
mqttUtils.publish("testtopic", "ARMT.user" + (int) (Math.random() * 1000000));

完整main.java代码:

package org.example;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.*;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Main {
    private static MQTTUtils mqttUtils;
    private static JLabel label;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws MqttException {

        mqttUtils = new MQTTUtils();
        //TODO 我自己部署的服务器没改账号密码, 默认就是admin public ,
        mqttUtils.mqttClientConnect("admin", "public", new MqttCallback() {
            @Override
            public void connectionLost(Throwable throwable) {
                System.out.println("与服务器断开连接，可重连");
            }

            @Override
            public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage mqttMessage) throws Exception {
                label.setText("<html>主题: "+topic+"  Qos: "+mqttMessage.getQos()+" 内容:"+new String(mqttMessage.getPayload())+" </html>");
            }

            @Override
            public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken iMqttDeliveryToken) {
                IMqttAsyncClient client = iMqttDeliveryToken.getClient();
                System.out.println(client.getClientId()+"  发布消息成功！");
            }
        });
        //订阅主题
        mqttUtils.subscribe("testtopic");


        createAndShowGUI();
    }

    /**
     * 往主题发送消息
     * @throws MqttException
     */
    private static void publishMsg() throws MqttException {
        //往主题"testtopic"发送一串随机字符
        mqttUtils.publish("testtopic", "ARMT.user" + (int) (Math.random() * 1000000));
    }

    /**
     * 创建UI
     */
    private static void createAndShowGUI() {
        JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Mqtt测试");
        //设置弹窗大小
        frame.setLocation(200, 200);

        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(600, 300));
        panel.setLayout(null);

        // 添加面板
        JButton addBtn = new JButton("往主题发送消息");
        addBtn.addActionListener(e -> {
            try {
                label.setText("");
                publishMsg();
            } catch (MqttException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        addBtn.setBounds(35, 25, 175, 30);
        panel.add(addBtn);
        label = new JLabel();
        label.setLocation(35, 80);
        label.setSize(535, 300);
        label.setVerticalAlignment(SwingConstants.TOP);
        label.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        panel.add(label);

        frame.add(panel);

        // 显示窗口
        frame.pack();
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}