MQTT的Java代码实现

置顶程序猿小耿

已于 2022-08-02 14:41:48 修改

阅读量9.3k

点赞数 6

文章标签： java java-rabbitmq rabbitmq

于 2022-08-02 14:00:59 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44388391/article/details/126119598

版权

MQTT的Java代码实现

MQTT(消息队列遥测传输)是ISO 标准(ISO/IEC PRF 20922)下基于发布/订阅]范式的消息协议。它工作在 TCP/IP协议族上，是为硬件性能低下的远程设备以及网络状况糟糕的情况下而设计的发布/订阅型消息协议，为此，它需要一个消息中间件。

为rabbit开启mqtt

1.在yml文件中添加一个mqtt的端口映射1883:1883

restart: always
container_name: rabbitmq
ports:
  - 5672:5672
  - 15672:15672
  - 1883:1883 #mqtt
volumes:
  - ./data:/var/lib/rabbitmq

2.进入rabbit的docker容器内部

 docker exec -it rabbitmq bash

3.rabbit内运行

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_mqtt

4.在网页视图中查看mqtt

在这里插入图片描述

使用MQTT软件测试mqtt

1.连接mqtt
在这里插入图片描述
2.在MQTT软中添加订阅

在这里插入图片描述
在RabbitMQ的队列中查看

3.测试

方法一、在Rabbitmq网页发送消息

在这里插入图片描述

方法二、自己给自己发

在这里插入图片描述

一、发送消息

创建springBoot项目，在xml中导入springBoot项目所需要配置以及相关依赖包

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.6.8</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--使用spring集成启动器，Spring集成提供了对消息传递和其他传输（如HTTP、TCP等）的抽象。-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-integration</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-integration-mqtt</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-integration-stream</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

注意寻找依赖包：spring.io->projects->LEARN（右边）->2.6.10 GA Refence Doc.->Documentation Overview->7.Messaging->Spring Integration: Auto-configuration for Spring Integration

创建配置类（2步骤可忽略，此地只为推导使用，配置类的正确使用方式见步骤6）

//修正官网后的(这个配置文件还不可以使用，正确的使用方式见在后面--此地是视频课程讲的讲解中推导步骤，可以省略不看)
@Configuration
public class MqttConfig {
    @Bean
    public MessageChannel mqttInputChannel() {
        return new DirectChannel();
    }

    /**
     * 连接mqtt服务器的工厂
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public MqttPahoClientFactory mqttClientFactory() {
        DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory factory = new DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory();
        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
        options.setServerURIs(new String[] { "tcp://10.9.48.165:1883" });
        options.setUserName("guest");
        options.setPassword("guest".toCharArray());
        factory.setConnectionOptions(options);
        return factory;
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageProducer inbound(MessageChannel mqttInputChannel,MqttPahoClientFactory mqttClientFactory) {
        MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter adapter =
                new MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter("springclient",mqttClientFactory,
                        "zheshisha");
        adapter.setCompletionTimeout(5000);
        adapter.setConverter(new DefaultPahoMessageConverter());
        //设置一次需要应答
        adapter.setQos(1);
        //设置对外的通道
        adapter.setOutputChannel(mqttInputChannel);
        return adapter;
    }
}

//官方文档
@Bean
public MessageChannel mqttInputChannel() {
    return new DirectChannel();
}

@Bean
public MessageProducer inbound() {
    MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter adapter =
            new MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter("tcp://localhost:1883", "testClient",
                                             "topic1", "topic2");
    adapter.setCompletionTimeout(5000);
    adapter.setConverter(new DefaultPahoMessageConverter());
    adapter.setQos(1);
    //问题所在：mqttInputChannel()这个是调用方法，而在这个方法上面加一一个注解@Bean相当于白加~~~
    adapter.setOutputChannel(mqttInputChannel());
    return adapter;
}

创建接口

@MessagingGateway(defaultRequestChannel = "mqttOutboundChannel")
public interface MyGateway {
    void sendToMqtt(String data);
}

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
//扫描整合的注解
@IntegrationComponentScan
public class MqttStartApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MqttStartApp.class, args);
    }
}

编写controller类测试

@RestController
public class MqttController {

    private MyGateway myGateway;

    @Autowired
    public void setMyGateway(MyGateway myGateway) {
        this.myGateway = myGateway;
    }

    @PostMapping("/msg")
    public String sendMsg(String msg){
        myGateway.sendToMqtt(msg);
        return "success";
    }
}

修改后的配置类

@Configuration
public class MqttConfig {

    /**
     * 连接mqtt服务器的工厂
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public MqttPahoClientFactory mqttClientFactory() {
        DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory factory = new DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory();
        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
        options.setServerURIs(new String[] { "tcp://10.9.48.165:1883" });
        options.setUserName("guest");
        options.setPassword("guest".toCharArray());
        factory.setConnectionOptions(options);
        return factory;
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageChannel mqttOutboundChannel() {
        return new DirectChannel();
    }

    @Bean
    @ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttOutboundChannel") //inputChannel的名字必须和上面的MessageChannel的方法名保持一致
    public MessageHandler mqttOutbound() {
        MqttPahoMessageHandler messageHandler =
                new MqttPahoMessageHandler("testClient", mqttClientFactory());
        messageHandler.setAsync(true);
        messageHandler.setDefaultTopic("zheshisha");
        return messageHandler;
    }
    
}

二、收消息

在配配置文件中加入

/**
 * 收消息的通道，注意实际开发中和发的可能不在一起
 * @return
 */
@Bean
public MessageChannel mqttInputChannel() {
    return new DirectChannel();
}

@Bean
public MessageProducer inbound() {
    MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter adapter =
            new MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter("tcp://10.9.48.165:1883", "testClient",
                    "chixihua");
    adapter.setCompletionTimeout(5000);
    adapter.setConverter(new DefaultPahoMessageConverter());
    adapter.setQos(1);
    adapter.setOutputChannel(mqttInputChannel());
    return adapter;
}

/**
 * 收消息的处理器，用于如何处理消息
 * mqttInputChannel 代表的是收消息的通道对象的id
 * @return
 */
@Bean
@ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttInputChannel")
public MessageHandler handler() {
    return new MessageHandler() {

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message<?> message) throws MessagingException {
            System.out.println(message.getPayload());
        }

    };
}

三、SpringBoot整合MQTT

导入依赖包

<!--使用spring集成启动器，Spring集成提供了对消息传递和其他传输（如HTTP、TCP等）的抽象。-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-integration</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-integration-mqtt</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-integration-stream</artifactId>
</dependency>

创建配置类

@Configuration
public class MqttConfig {

    @Bean
    public MqttConnectOptions options(){
        MqttConnectOptions mqttConnectOptions=new MqttConnectOptions();
        mqttConnectOptions.setServerURIs(new String[] { "tcp://10.9.48.190:1883" });
        mqttConnectOptions.setUserName("dc3");
        mqttConnectOptions.setPassword("dc3".toCharArray());
        return mqttConnectOptions;
    }

    /**
     * 创建连接工厂
     * @param options
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public MqttPahoClientFactory mqttPahoClientFactory(MqttConnectOptions options){
        DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory defaultMqttPahoClientFactory=new DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory();
        defaultMqttPahoClientFactory.setConnectionOptions(options);
        return defaultMqttPahoClientFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageChannel messageInputChannel(){
        return new DirectChannel();
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageProducer  mqttInbound(MessageChannel messageInputChannel, MqttPahoClientFactory mqttPahoClientFactory){
        MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter adapter =
                new MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter("testClient",mqttPahoClientFactory, "chixihua");
        adapter.setCompletionTimeout(5000);
        adapter.setConverter(new DefaultPahoMessageConverter());
        adapter.setQos(1);
        adapter.setOutputChannel(messageInputChannel);
        return adapter;
    }

}

配置消息处理的类

@Configuration
public class MessageReceiverHandler {

    /**
     * 收到设备发送来的上行数据的时候执行，具体怎么做取决于业务，比如这里面可能是设备发来的一些传感器数据，我们需要保存并发送到统计平台
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    @ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "messageInputChannel")
    public MessageHandler messageHandler(){
        return message -> {
            //获取到消息正文
            Object payload = message.getPayload();
            System.err.println(payload);
            //处理消息
            System.err.println("等下就处理消息");
        };
    }

}

在启动类添加注解

@SpringBootApplication
@IntegrationComponentScan
public class MqttStartApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MqttStartApp.class, args);
    }
}