转自https://www.cnblogs.com/heartchord/p/5017071.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/yinwei-space/p/12708871.html
类模版std::function
是一种通用、多态的函数封装。std::function
的实例可以对任何可以调用的目标实体进行存储、复制、和调用操作,这些目标实体包括普通函数、Lambda表达式、函数指针、以及其它函数对象等。std::function
对象是对C++中现有的可调用实体的一种类型安全的包裹(我们知道像函数指针这类可调用实体,是类型不安全的)。
std::function 最大的用处是函数回调。
std::bind的返回值是function对象
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
std::function< int(int)> Functional;
// 普通函数
int TestFunc(int a)
{
return a;
}
// Lambda表达式
auto lambda = [](int a)->int{ return a; };
// 仿函数(functor)
class Functor
{
public:
int operator()(int a)
{
return a;
}
};
// 1.类成员函数
// 2.类静态函数
class TestClass
{
public:
int ClassMember(int a) { return a; }
static int StaticMember(int a) { return a; }
};
int main()
{
// 普通函数
Functional = TestFunc;
int result = Functional(10);
cout << "普通函数:"<< result << endl;
// Lambda表达式
Functional = lambda;
result = Functional(20);
cout << "Lambda表达式:"<< result << endl;
// 仿函数
Functor testFunctor;
Functional = testFunctor;
result = Functional(30);
cout << "仿函数:"<< result << endl;
// 类成员函数
TestClass testObj;
Functional = std::bind(&TestClass::ClassMember, testObj, std::placeholders::_1);
result = Functional(40);
cout << "类成员函数:"<< result << endl;
// 类静态函数
Functional = TestClass::StaticMember;
result = Functional(50);
cout << "类静态函数:"<< result << endl;
return 0;
}
• 包装普通函数
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
int g_Minus(int i, int j)
{
return i - j;
}
int main()
{
function<int(int, int)> f = g_Minus;
cout << f(1, 2) << endl; // -1
return 1;
}
• 包装模板函数
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
template <class T>
T g_Minus(T i, T j)
{
return i - j;
}
int main()
{
function<int(int, int)> f = g_Minus<int>;
cout << f(1, 2) << endl; // -1
return 1;
}
• 包装lambda表达式
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
auto g_Minus = [](int i, int j){ return i - j; };
int main()
{
function<int(int, int)> f = g_Minus;
cout << f(1, 2) << endl; // -1
return 1;
}
• 包装函数对象
非模板类型:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
struct Minus
{
int operator() (int i, int j)
{
return i - j;
}
};
int main()
{
function<int(int, int)> f = Minus();
cout << f(1, 2) << endl; // -1
return 1;
}
模板类型:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
template <class T>
struct Minus
{
T operator() (T i, T j)
{
return i - j;
}
};
int main()
{
function<int(int, int)> f = Minus<int>();
cout << f(1, 2) << endl; // -1
return 1;
}
• 包装类静态成员函数
非模板类型:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
class Math
{
public:
static int Minus(int i, int j)
{
return i - j;
}
};
int main()
{
function<int(int, int)> f = &Math::Minus;
cout << f(1, 2) << endl; // -1
return 1;
}
模板类型:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
class Math
{
public:
template <class T>
static T Minus(T i, T j)
{
return i - j;
}
};
int main()
{
function<int(int, int)> f = &Math::Minus<int>;
cout << f(1, 2) << endl; // -1
return 1;
}
• 包装类对象成员函数
非模板类型:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
class Math
{
public:
int Minus(int i, int j)
{
return i - j;
}
};
int main()
{
Math m;
function<int(int, int)> f = bind(&Math::Minus, &m, placeholders::_1, placeholders::_2);
cout << f(1, 2) << endl; // -1
return 1;
}
模板类型:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
class Math
{
public:
template <class T>
T Minus(T i, T j)
{
return i - j;
}
};
int main()
{
Math m;
function<int(int, int)> f = bind(&Math::Minus<int>, &m, placeholders::_1, placeholders::_2);
cout << f(1, 2) << endl; // -1
return 1;
}
笔记例子
using RecvHandler = std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<CTcpConnection>, unsigned char *, UINT)>; //using定义别名类似typedef
RecvHandler m_recvHandler; //数据处理回调函数
//上层先绑定
m_pServer->SetRecvHander(std::bind(&Engine::HandleMsg, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2, std::placeholders::_3));
//下层直接回调
if (m_recvHandler)
{
m_recvHandler(shared_from_this(), read_buffer, length);
}