View的layout过程

Layout过程的作用是ViewGroup用来确定子元素的位置，当ViewGroup的位置被确定之后，它会在onLayout方法中遍历所有的子元素并调用其layout方法，在layout方法中onLayout又会被调用。layout过程和measure过程相比就简单多了，layout方法确定View本身的位置，而onLayout方法则会确定所有子元素的位置。先看View的layout方法。代码如下：

    public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
            onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
        }

        int oldL = mLeft;
        int oldT = mTop;
        int oldB = mBottom;
        int oldR = mRight;

        boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
                setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);

        if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
            onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;

            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
                ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
                        (ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
                int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                    listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
                }
            }
        }

        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
        mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
    }

layout方法的大致流程如下：

1）首先会通过setFrame()方法来设定View的四个顶点的位置，也就是初始化mLeft，mRight,mTOP，mBottom这四个值，View的四个顶点一旦被确定，那么View在父容器中的位置也就确定了；这里用于确定在父容器中的位置。

2）接着会电泳onLayout方法，这个方法的用途是父容器确定子元素的位置，和onMeasure方法类似，onLayout的具体实现和具体的布局有关，所以View和ViewGroup均没有真正实现onLayout方法。View中的onLayout方法如下：

    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    }

下面看LinearLayout的onLayout方法，如下所示。

    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
            layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
        } else {
            layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
        }
    }

LinearLayout中onLayout的实现逻辑和onMeasure方法实现逻辑类似，这里选择layoutVertical继续讲解，为了更好的理解其逻辑。源码如下：

    void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        final int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;

        int childTop;
        int childLeft;
        
        // Where right end of child should go
        final int width = right - left;
        int childRight = width - mPaddingRight;
        
        // Space available for child
        int childSpace = width - paddingLeft - mPaddingRight;
        
        final int count = getVirtualChildCount();

        final int majorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
        final int minorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.RELATIVE_HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;

        switch (majorGravity) {
           case Gravity.BOTTOM:
               // mTotalLength contains the padding already
               childTop = mPaddingTop + bottom - top - mTotalLength;
               break;

               // mTotalLength contains the padding already
           case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
               childTop = mPaddingTop + (bottom - top - mTotalLength) / 2;
               break;

           case Gravity.TOP:
           default:
               childTop = mPaddingTop;
               break;
        }
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//开始遍历子元素
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
            if (child == null) {
                childTop += measureNullChild(i);
            } else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
                
                final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
                        (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                
                int gravity = lp.gravity;
                if (gravity < 0) {
                    gravity = minorGravity;
                }
                final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
                final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);
                switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
                    case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
                        childLeft = paddingLeft + ((childSpace - childWidth) / 2)
                                + lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
                        break;

                    case Gravity.RIGHT:
                        childLeft = childRight - childWidth - lp.rightMargin;
                        break;

                    case Gravity.LEFT:
                    default:
                        childLeft = paddingLeft + lp.leftMargin;
                        break;
                }

                if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
                    childTop += mDividerHeight;
                }

                childTop += lp.topMargin;
                setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
                        childWidth, childHeight);
                childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);

                i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
            }
        }
    }

layoutVertical的实现逻辑如下，此方法会遍历所有所有的子元素并电泳setChildFrame方法来为子元素指定对应的位置，其中childTop会逐渐增大，这就意味着后面的子元素会被放在靠下的位置，这刚好符合竖直方法的LinearLayout的特性。至于 setChildFrame，它仅仅是调用了子元素的layout方法而已，也就是确定子元素的位置以及子元素的子元素的位置，这样父元素在layout方法中完成自己的定位以后，就通过onLayout方法去调用子元素的layout方法，子元素会通过自己的layout方法来确定自己的位置，这样一层一层对的传递下去就完成了整个View树的layout过程。

    private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {        
        child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
    }

setChildFrame中的width和height实际上就是子元素的测量宽高，在layoutVertical中有如下代码

                final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();<pre name="code" class="java"><span style="white-space:pre">		</span>setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),childWidth, childHeight);

可以想象left + width就是Right，top + height就是Bottom。在View的layout方法中会通过setFrame去设置子元素的四个顶点的位置，setFrame就是确定该View的位置，setFrame的代码如下：

    protected boolean setFrame(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        boolean changed = false;

        if (DBG) {
            Log.d("View", this + " View.setFrame(" + left + "," + top + ","
                    + right + "," + bottom + ")");
        }

        if (mLeft != left || mRight != right || mTop != top || mBottom != bottom) {
            changed = true;

            // Remember our drawn bit
            int drawn = mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAWN;

            int oldWidth = mRight - mLeft;
            int oldHeight = mBottom - mTop;
            int newWidth = right - left;
            int newHeight = bottom - top;
            boolean sizeChanged = (newWidth != oldWidth) || (newHeight != oldHeight);

            // Invalidate our old position
            invalidate(sizeChanged);

            mLeft = left;
            mTop = top;
            mRight = right;
            mBottom = bottom;
            if (mDisplayList != null) {
                mDisplayList.setLeftTopRightBottom(mLeft, mTop, mRight, mBottom);
            }

            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_HAS_BOUNDS;


            if (sizeChanged) {
                if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PIVOT_EXPLICITLY_SET) == 0) {
                    // A change in dimension means an auto-centered pivot point changes, too
                    if (mTransformationInfo != null) {
                        mTransformationInfo.mMatrixDirty = true;
                    }
                }
                sizeChange(newWidth, newHeight, oldWidth, oldHeight);
            }

            if ((mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE) {
                // If we are visible, force the DRAWN bit to on so that
                // this invalidate will go through (at least to our parent).
                // This is because someone may have invalidated this view
                // before this call to setFrame came in, thereby clearing
                // the DRAWN bit.
                mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_DRAWN;
                invalidate(sizeChanged);
                // parent display list may need to be recreated based on a change in the bounds
                // of any child
                invalidateParentCaches();
            }

            // Reset drawn bit to original value (invalidate turns it off)
            mPrivateFlags |= drawn;

            mBackgroundSizeChanged = true;

            notifySubtreeAccessibilityStateChangedIfNeeded();
        }
        return changed;
    }

setFrame中有几句代码：

            mLeft = left;
            mTop = top;
            mRight = right;
            mBottom = bottom;
            if (mDisplayList != null) {
                mDisplayList.setLeftTopRightBottom(mLeft, mTop, mRight, mBottom);
            }

DisplayList mDisplayList;

最后通过DisplayList的setLeftTopRightBottom方法布局。这样一来子元素的位置就确 定了。