NSLock认识

@protocol NSLocking

//试着获取锁，阻塞线程的执行直到获取到锁
- (void)lock;
//解锁
- (void)unlock;

@end

@interface NSLock : NSObject <NSLocking> {
@private
    void *_priv;
}

//试着获取锁，立即返回一个布尔值，标记是否获取成功
- (BOOL)tryLock;

//尝试在指定时间前获取锁，返回个一布尔值，标记是否获取成功；阻塞线程的执行直到获取到锁或超时。
- (BOOL)lockBeforeDate:(NSDate *)limit;

//所得名称，为了调试
@property (nullable, copy) NSString *name API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));

@end

eg:
NSLock *lock = [[NSLock alloc] init];

//线程1
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
    [lock lock];
    NSLog(@"线程1");
    sleep(3);//模拟耗时操作
    [lock unlock];
    NSLog(@"线程1解锁成功");
});

//线程2
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
    sleep(1);    //简单实现线程2在线程1后出队执行
    [lock lock];
    NSLog(@"线程2");
    [lock unlock];
});

print:通过锁，保证线程1先执行，再执行线程2
2019-12-02 22:16:32.613992+0800 Task[5507:349352] 线程1
2019-12-02 22:16:32.614454+0800 Task[5507:349352] 线程1解锁成功
2019-12-02 22:16:32.614619+0800 Task[5507:349353] 线程2


eg:
NSLock *lock = [[NSLock alloc] init];

//线程1
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
    [lock lock];
    NSLog(@"线程1");
    sleep(3);
    [lock unlock];
});

//线程2
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
    sleep(1);
    if ([lock tryLock]) {
        NSLog(@"线程2");
        [lock unlock];
    } else {
        NSLog(@"尝试加锁失败");
    }
});

print: tryLock 并不会阻塞线程。[lock tryLock] 能获取锁立即返回 YES，不能获取立即返回 NO，然后都会执行后续代码。
2019-12-02 22:28:09.480585+0800 Task[5593:356540] 线程1
2019-12-02 22:28:10.480705+0800 Task[5593:356541] 尝试加锁失败

eg:
NSLock *lock = [[NSLock alloc] init];

//线程1
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
    [lock lock];
    NSLog(@"线程1");
    sleep(3);
    [lock unlock];
});

//线程2
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
    sleep(1);
    if ([lock lockBeforeDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:1]]) {
        NSLog(@"线程2");
        [lock unlock];
    } else {
        NSLog(@"尝试加锁失败");
    }
});

print: lockBeforeDate: 方法会在所指定 Date 之前尝试获取锁，会阻塞线程，如果在指定时间之前都不能获取，则返回 NO，指定时间之前能获取锁，则返回 YES。    
2019-12-02 22:31:52.172769+0800 Task[5649:359642] 线程1
2019-12-02 22:31:54.172128+0800 Task[5649:359643] 尝试加锁失败