Windows程序的运行原理基础

关于API

   应用程序中要完成某个功能，都是以函数调用的形式实现的，同样，应用程序也是以函数调用的方式来通知操作系统执行相应的功能的。操作系统所能够完成的每一个特殊功能通常都有一个函数与其对应，也就是说，操作系统把它所能够完成的功能以函数的形式提供给应用程序使用，应用程序对这些函数的调用就叫做系统调用，这些函数的集合就是Windows操作系统提供给应用程序编程的接口(Application Programming Interface),简称Windows API。如CreateWindow就是一个API函数，应用程序中调用这个函数，操作系统就会按照该函数提供的参数信息产生一个相应的窗口。

关于消息及消息队列

 

 MSG

操作系统是将感知到的事件通过消息机制(Message)来实现的。操作系统将每个事件都包装成一个称为消息的结构体MSG来传递给应用程序，

MSG结构定义如下：

typedef struct tagMSG {      

      HWND   hwnd;     

      UINT   message;

      WPARAM wParam;

      LPARAM lParam;

      DWORD  time;

      POINT  pt;

} MSG; 

 

The MSG structure contains message information from a thread's message queue.

typedef struct tagMSG {
    HWND   hwnd; 
    UINT   message; 
    WPARAM wParam; 
    LPARAM lParam; 
    DWORD  time; 
    POINT  pt; 
} MSG, *PMSG; 

 

 

Members

hwnd

Handle to the window whose window procedure receives the message.

message

Specifies the message identifier.

wParam

Specifies additional information about the message. The exact meaning depends on the value of the message member.

lParam

Specifies additional information about the message. The exact meaning depends on the value of the message member.

time

Specifies the time at which the message was posted.

pt

Specifies the cursor position, in screen coordinates, when the message was posted.

WinMain()函数

 

The WinMain function is called by the system as the initial entry point for a Win32-based application.

int WINAPI WinMain(
  HINSTANCE hInstance,      // handle to current instance
  HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,  // handle to previous instance
  LPSTR lpCmdLine,          // command line
  int nCmdShow              // show state
);

Parameters

hInstance

[in] Handle to the current instance of the application.

hPrevInstance

[in] Handle to the previous instance of the application. For a Win32-based application, this parameter is always NULL.

If you need to detect whether another instance already exists, create a uniquely named mutex using the CreateMutex function. CreateMutex will succeed even if the mutex already exists, but the GetLastError function will return ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS. This indicates that another instance of your application exists, because it created the mutex first.

lpCmdLine

[in] Pointer to a null-terminated string specifying the command line for the application, excluding the program name. To retrieve the entire command line, use the GetCommandLine function.

nCmdShow

[in] Specifies how the window is to be shown

nCmdShow 的选项有以下等具体参考MSDN：s

Value	Meaning
SW_HIDE	Hides the window and activates another window.
SW_MAXIMIZE	Maximizes the specified window.
SW_MINIMIZE	Minimizes the specified window and activates the next top-level window in the Z order.