java Thread源码分析

1、Runnable接口源码：

public interface Runnable {
    public abstract void run();
}

2、Thread类与Runnable接口的继承关系

public class Thread implements Runnable{

}

3、构造函数

 public Thread() {
     init(null, null, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
 }
 public Thread(Runnable target) {
     init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
 }
 public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target) {
     init(group, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
 }
 public Thread(String name) {
     init(null, null, name, 0);
 }

还有其它的构造方法，此处省略。。。
　　这里的第三个参数是设置线程的名称，从下面的代码中可以看出，生成名称的规则是：”Thread-”加上创建的线程的个数（第几个）。

继续查看init方法：

    /**
     * Initializes a Thread.
     *
     * @param g the Thread group
     * @param target the object whose run() method gets called
     * @param name the name of the new Thread
     * @param stackSize the desired stack size for the new thread, or
     *        zero to indicate that this parameter is to be ignored.
     */
    private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,
                      long stackSize) {
	Thread parent = currentThread();
	SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
	if (g == null) {
	    /* Determine if it's an applet or not */
	    
	    /* If there is a security manager, ask the security manager
	       what to do. */
	    if (security != null) {
		g = security.getThreadGroup();
	    }

	    /* If the security doesn't have a strong opinion of the matter
	       use the parent thread group. */
	    if (g == null) {
		g = parent.getThreadGroup();
	    }
	}

	/* checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is
           explicitly passed in. */
	g.checkAccess();

	/*
	 * Do we have the required permissions?
	 */
	if (security != null) {
	    if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {
	        security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);
	    }
	}


        g.addUnstarted();

	this.group = g;
//每个线程都有一个优先级，高优先级线程的执行优先于低优先级线程。每个线程都可以或不可以标记为一个守护程序。当某个线程中运行的代码创建一个新对象时，该新线程的初始优先级被设定为创建线程的优先级，并且当且仅当创建线程是守护线程时，新线程才是守护程序。
	this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();
	this.priority = parent.getPriority();
	this.name = name.toCharArray();
	if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))
	    this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
	else
	    this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;
	this.inheritedAccessControlContext = AccessController.getContext();
	this.target = target;
	setPriority(priority);
        if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
	    this.inheritableThreadLocals =
		ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
        /* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */
        this.stackSize = stackSize;

        /* Set thread ID */
        tid = nextThreadID();
    }

初始化时设置了是否为守护线程，优先级，初始化名称。

4、Thread的start方法的实现：

    public synchronized void start() {
        /**
	 * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
	 * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added 
	 * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
	 *
	 * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
         */
        if (threadStatus != 0)
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
        group.add(this);
        start0();
        if (stopBeforeStart) {
	    stop0(throwableFromStop);
	}
    }

这里主要的是start0方法；查看其实现：

private native void start0();

这里使用了本地调用，通过C代码初始化线程需要的系统资源。可见，线程底层的实现是通过C代码去完成的。

Thread的run方法的实现

    /**
     * If this thread was constructed using a separate 
     * <code>Runnable</code> run object, then that 
     * <code>Runnable</code> object's <code>run</code> method is called; 
     * otherwise, this method does nothing and returns. 
     * <p>
     * Subclasses of <code>Thread</code> should override this method. 
     *
     * @see     #start()
     * @see     #stop()
     * @see     #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
     */
    public void run() {
	if (target != null) {
	    target.run();
	}
    }

这里的target实际上要保存的是一个Runnable接口的实现的引用：

private Runnable target;

        所以使用继承Thread创建线程类时，需要重写run方法，因为默认的run方法什么也不干。

　　而当我们使用Runnable接口实现线程类时，为了启动线程，需要先把该线程类实例初始化一个Thread，实际上就执行了如下构造函数：

 public Thread(Runnable target) {
     init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
 }

　　即是把线程类的引用保存到target中。这样，当调用Thread的run方法时，target就不为空了，而是继续调用了target的run方法，所以我们需要实现Runnable的run方法。这样通过Thread的run方法就调用到了Runnable实现类中的run方法。

　　这也是Runnable接口实现的线程类需要这样启动的原因。

5、sleep(long millis, int nanos) 方法，原来nanos不管用，只能精确到毫秒。

    /**
     * Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (cease execution) 
     * for the specified number of milliseconds plus the specified number 
     * of nanoseconds, subject to the precision and accuracy of system 
     * timers and schedulers. The thread does not lose ownership of any 
     * monitors.
     *
     * @param      millis   the length of time to sleep in milliseconds.
     * @param      nanos    0-999999 additional nanoseconds to sleep.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException  if the value of millis is 
     *             negative or the value of nanos is not in the range 
     *             0-999999.
     * @exception  InterruptedException if any thread has interrupted
     *             the current thread.  The <i>interrupted status</i> of the
     *             current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.
     * @see        Object#notify()
     */
    public static void sleep(long millis, int nanos) 
    throws InterruptedException {
	if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
	}

	if (nanos < 0 || nanos > 999999) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
				"nanosecond timeout value out of range");
	}

	if (nanos >= 500000 || (nanos != 0 && millis == 0)) {
	    millis++;
	}

	sleep(millis);
    }

转载自： http://www.xuebuyuan.com/460311.html

参考：

http://czj4451.iteye.com/blog/1770003

http://wdhdmx.iteye.com/blog/1202379

http://blog.csdn.net/arkblue/article/details/7742795