前言:
java 中的 join() 方法在多线程中会涉及到,这个方法最初理解起来可能有点抽象,用一两次大概就懂了。简单说就是当前线程等待调用join方法的线程结束才能继续往下执行。
1. 举个例子
如下,
MyRunnable 类是实现 Runnable 接口的多线程类,其run() 方法是一个计算,计算值存储在 result 字段,获取计算结果就必须等线程执行完之后调用 getResult() 获取
public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private int num;
private String threadName;
private long result;
public MyRunnable(int num, String threadName) {
this.threadName = threadName;
this.num = num;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
result += i;
}
}
public long getResult() {
return result;
}
}
public class NormalTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
normal();
}
private static void normal() {
MyRunnable myRunnable_1 = new MyRunnable(1000, "runnable_1");
Thread thread_1 = new Thread(myRunnable_1);
thread_1.start();
do {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("thread status: " + thread_1.isAlive() + ",result: " + myRunnable_1.getResult());
} while (thread_1.isAlive());
}
}
获取计算结果需要持续判断线程 thread_1 是否结束才能最终获取,输出如下:
--------------------------------------------------
thread status: true,result: 0
--------------------------------------------------
thread status: true,result: 11026
--------------------------------------------------
thread status: false,result: 499500
而使用join()方法可以省去判断的麻烦,如下
public class JoinTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
joinTest();
}
private static void joinTest() {
MyRunnable myRunnable_1 = new MyRunnable(1000, "runnable_1");
Thread thread_1 = new Thread(myRunnable_1);
thread_1.start();
try {
thread_1.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("thread status: " + thread_1.isAlive() + ",result: " + myRunnable_1.getResult());
}
}
输出如下:
thread status: false,result: 499500
joinTest方法里调用join方法后当前线程(在这里就是main主函数)会等待thread_1 结束后才继续执行下面的代码。
2. jion() 方法源码解析
其实 join() 方法内部的实现跟上面例子中的normal()方法很类似,也是使用线程的 isAlive() 方法来判断线程是否结束,核心源码如下:
public final synchronized void join(long millis)
throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) { // join 方法如果不传参数会默认millis 为 0
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0);
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
当然上述还涉及 Object 类的 wait() 方法,感兴趣可以查一下,这里可以简单的理解就是一个等待多少时间(其实是不对的,这个涉及锁的问题,先不要纠结)。