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- std::function
头文件:<functional>
函数声明:template< class R, class... Args > class function<R(Args...)>;
描述:类模板std::function是一个通用目的的多态的函数封装。std::function可以存储、拷贝和唤醒任何可调用的目标----函数、lambda和bind表达式,或者其他函数对象,还有指向成员函数的指针和指向数据成员的指针。
存储的可调用的对象称之为std::function的目标。如果一个std::function没有包含目标,称之为empty。当唤醒一个empty std::function的目标时,会抛出异常。
Std::function满足了复制构造和复制赋值的需求。
成员函数:
- (constructor): constructs a new std::function instance (public member function)
- (destructor):destroys a std::function instance (public member function)
- operator= : assigns a new target (public member function)
- Swap :swaps the contents (public member function)
- Assign (until C++17) assigns a new target (public member function)
- operator bool : checks if a valid target is contained (public member function)
- operator() : invokes the target (public member function)
目标访问:
- target_type : obtains the typeid of the stored target (public member function)
- Target : obtains a pointer to the stored target (public member function)
非成员函数
- std::swap(std::function) (C++11) pecializes the std::swap algorithm (function template)
- operator==和operator!= : compares a std::function with nullptr function template)
Helper classes:
- std::uses_allocator<std::function> (C++11) (until C++17) specializes the std::uses_allocator type trait (class template specialization) Deduction guides(since C++17)
举例:
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
struct Foo { Foo(int num) : num_(num) {} void print_add(int i) const { std::cout << num_+i << '\n'; } int num_; };
void print_num(int i) { std::cout << i << '\n'; }
struct PrintNum { void operator()(int i) const { std::cout << i << '\n'; } };
int main() { // store a free function std::function<void(int)> f_display = print_num; f_display(-9);
// store a lambda std::function<void()> f_display_42 = []() { print_num(42); }; f_display_42();
// store the result of a call to std::bind std::function<void()> f_display_31337 = std::bind(print_num, 31337); f_display_31337();
// store a call to a member function std::function<void(const Foo&, int)> f_add_display = &Foo::print_add; const Foo foo(314159); f_add_display(foo, 1); f_add_display(314159, 1);
// store a call to a data member accessor std::function<int(Foo const&)> f_num = &Foo::num_; std::cout << "num_: " << f_num(foo) << '\n';
// store a call to a member function and object using std::placeholders::_1; std::function<void(int)> f_add_display2 = std::bind( &Foo::print_add, foo, _1 ); f_add_display2(2);
// store a call to a member function and object ptr std::function<void(int)> f_add_display3 = std::bind( &Foo::print_add, &foo, _1 ); f_add_display3(3);
// store a call to a function object std::function<void(int)> f_display_obj = PrintNum(); f_display_obj(18);
} |
输出:
-9 42 31337 314160 314160 num_: 314159 314161 314162 18 |