std::function

1. 1. std::function

头文件：<functional>

函数声明：template< class R, class... Args >  class function<R(Args...)>;

描述：类模板std::function是一个通用目的的多态的函数封装。std::function可以存储、拷贝和唤醒任何可调用的目标----函数、lambda和bind表达式，或者其他函数对象，还有指向成员函数的指针和指向数据成员的指针。

存储的可调用的对象称之为std::function的目标。如果一个std::function没有包含目标，称之为empty。当唤醒一个empty std::function的目标时，会抛出异常。

Std::function满足了复制构造和复制赋值的需求。

 

成员函数：

• (constructor)： constructs a new std::function instance (public member function)
• (destructor)：destroys a std::function instance (public member function)
• operator=  ： assigns a new target (public member function)
• Swap ：swaps the contents (public member function)
• Assign (until C++17) assigns a new target (public member function)
• operator bool  ：  checks if a valid target is contained (public member function)
• operator() ：  invokes the target  (public member function)

 

目标访问：

• target_type ： obtains the typeid of the stored target (public member function)
• Target ： obtains a pointer to the stored target (public member function)

 

非成员函数

• std::swap(std::function) (C++11) pecializes the std::swap algorithm (function template)
• operator==和operator!=  ： compares a std::function with nullptr function template)

 

Helper classes：

• std::uses_allocator<std::function> (C++11) (until C++17)  specializes the std::uses_allocator type trait (class template specialization) Deduction guides(since C++17)

 

举例：

#include <functional>   #include <iostream>   struct Foo {     Foo(int num) : num_(num) {}     void print_add(int i) const { std::cout << num_+i << '\n'; }     int num_; };   void print_num(int i) {     std::cout << i << '\n'; }   struct PrintNum {     void operator()(int i) const     {         std::cout << i << '\n';     } };   int main() {     // store a free function     std::function<void(int)> f_display = print_num;     f_display(-9);       // store a lambda     std::function<void()> f_display_42 = []() { print_num(42); };     f_display_42();       // store the result of a call to std::bind     std::function<void()> f_display_31337 = std::bind(print_num, 31337);     f_display_31337();       // store a call to a member function     std::function<void(const Foo&, int)> f_add_display = &Foo::print_add;     const Foo foo(314159);     f_add_display(foo, 1);     f_add_display(314159, 1);       // store a call to a data member accessor     std::function<int(Foo const&)> f_num = &Foo::num_;     std::cout << "num_: " << f_num(foo) << '\n';       // store a call to a member function and object     using std::placeholders::_1;     std::function<void(int)> f_add_display2 = std::bind( &Foo::print_add, foo, _1 );     f_add_display2(2);       // store a call to a member function and object ptr     std::function<void(int)> f_add_display3 = std::bind( &Foo::print_add, &foo, _1 );     f_add_display3(3);       // store a call to a function object     std::function<void(int)> f_display_obj = PrintNum();     f_display_obj(18);   }

 

输出:

-9 42 31337 314160 314160 num_: 314159 314161 314162 18