shell中的算术运算

linux: bash shell中的算术运算

1. let

let可以执行基本的操作，变量前不用加$。仅支持整数
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ nb1=4
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ nb2=5
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ let result=nb1+nb2 <--加号两侧无空格
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ let result++
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ let result+=5
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ let result--

2. []操作符

使用 [] 操作符，好处是可以直接输出表达式的值，不必先赋值给变量。仅对整数有效
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ result=$[ nb1+nb2 ]
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ result=$[ nb1 + 10 ]
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo $[ nb1 + 11 ]

3. (())

也可以使用(())，但使用(())时，变量名之前需要加上$。仅对整数有效
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo $(($nb1+$nb2))
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo $(($nb1+10))

4. expr

仅对整数有效
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo $(expr 3 + 4) <--加号两侧有空格
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo $(expr $nb1 + 10)

5. bc

bc是个计算器，支持浮点运算
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ nb3=54
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ result=`echo "$nb3 * 1.5" | bc`
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo $result
81.0

设定小数精度，下面设定精度为5
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo "scale=5;355/113" | bc
3.14159

进制转换，obase/ibase分别表示oput/input base
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ no=100
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo "obase=2;$no" | bc
1100100
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo "obase=16;$no" | bc
64
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ no=1100100
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo "obase=10;ibase=2;$no" | bc
100

开方与平方
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo "sqrt(64)" | bc
8
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo "10^2" | bc
100
qingsong@db2a:/tmp$ echo "10^3" | bc
1000