Chisel学习笔记-Scala简介

了解Scala

1. 是一门承载嵌入式DSL的优秀语言
2. 具有强大而优雅的库，由于操作各类数据集合
3. 具有强大类型系统，有助于在开发周期早期发现大量错误
4. 具有强大的表达和传递函数的方法

变量和常量-val和var

var numberOfKittens = 6
val kittensPerHouse = 101
val alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
var done = false

numberOfKittens += 1
// kittensPerHouse = kittensPerHouse * 2 // This would not compile; kittensPerHouse is not updatable

println(alphabet)
done = true

1. val关键字由于定义不可变的变量，var关键字用于定义可变变量
2. 如果可以，尽量用val关键字定义变量，原因是通过减少变量重用避免犯错和代码难以阅读
3. Scala语句结束不需要分号，分号一般在一行需要执行多条语句时使用

if语句

1. Scala条件语句和其他语言在格式上无太大差异
2. 不同的是，Scala的if语句会返回一个值，由最后进入的那个分支决定返回值

val likelyCharactersSet = if (alphabet.length == 26)
    "english"
else 
    "not english"

println(likelyCharactersSet)

方法（函数）

1. 在这里混用方法和函数的概念
2. 使用def关键字定义函数
3. 函数的过个参数之间使用逗号隔开

// Simple scaling function with an input argument, e.g., times2(3) returns 6
// Curly braces can be omitted for short one-line functions.
def times2(x: Int): Int = 2 * x

// More complicated function
def distance(x: Int, y: Int, returnPositive: Boolean): Int = {
    val xy = x * y
    if (returnPositive) xy.abs else -xy.abs
}

重载函数

多个函数可以使用相同的函数名，通过参数和参数类型进行区分

// Overloaded function
def times2(x: Int): Int = 2 * x
def times2(x: String): Int = 2 * x.toInt

times2(5)
times2("7")

递归和嵌套函数

在函数里可以定义函数，在特定范围内定义的函数只能在特定范围内使用

/** Prints a triangle made of "X"s
  * This is another style of comment
  */
def asciiTriangle(rows: Int) {
    
    // This is cute: multiplying "X" makes a string with many copies of "X"
    def printRow(columns: Int): Unit = println("X" * columns)
    
    if(rows > 0) {
        printRow(rows)
        asciiTriangle(rows - 1) // Here is the recursive call
    }
}

// printRow(1) // This would not work, since we're calling printRow outside its scope
asciiTriangle(6)

List

Scala定义了多种序列，List很像Arrys，但比Arrys多出了附加和提取的操作

val x = 7
val y = 14
val list1 = List(1, 2, 3)
val list2 = x :: y :: y :: Nil       // An alternate notation for assembling a list

val list3 = list1 ++ list2           // Appends the second list to the first list
val m = list2.length
val s = list2.size

val headOfList = list1.head          // Gets the first element of the list
val restOfList = list1.tail          // Get a new list with first element removed

val third = list1(2)                 // Gets the third element of a list (0-indexed)

循环语句

1.以下例子for是0~6，until是1~6，by 2是只有偶数

for (i <- 0 to 7) { print(i + " ") }
println()


for (i <- 0 until 7) { print(i + " ") }
println()

for(i <- 0 to 10 by 2) { print(i + " ") }
println()

2.for可以用来遍历集合或者序列中的每个元素

val randomList = List(util.Random.nextInt(), util.Random.nextInt(), util.Random.nextInt(), util.Random.nextInt())
var listSum = 0
for (value <- randomList) {
  listSum += value
}
println("sum is " + listSum)