anaconda创建了虚拟python环境,且安装了pytorch,但是pycharm中import torch运行时报错

文章讲述了用户在使用Python虚拟环境时遇到numpy导入错误,原因是环境变量未包含conda配置的Python路径。解决方法是将环境变量添加conda环境的Libraryin路径,确保正确加载numpy库,避免了torch导入问题。
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报错如下:

C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\python.exe D:\project\python\transformer\main.py 
C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py:127: UserWarning: mkl-service package failed to import, therefore Intel(R) MKL initialization ensuring its correct out-of-the box operation under condition when Gnu OpenMP had already been loaded by Python process is not assured. Please install mkl-service package, see http://github.com/IntelPython/mkl-service
  from . import _distributor_init
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
    from . import multiarray
  File "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\multiarray.py", line 10, in <module>
    from . import overrides
  File "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\overrides.py", line 8, in <module>
    from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _multiarray_umath: 找不到指定的模块。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py", line 130, in <module>
    from numpy.__config__ import show as show_config
  File "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\numpy\__config__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
  File "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py", line 50, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: 

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!

Importing the numpy C-extensions failed. This error can happen for
many reasons, often due to issues with your setup or how NumPy was
installed.

We have compiled some common reasons and troubleshooting tips at:

    https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html

Please note and check the following:

  * The Python version is: Python3.9 from "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\python.exe"
  * The NumPy version is: "1.26.4"

and make sure that they are the versions you expect.
Please carefully study the documentation linked above for further help.

Original error was: DLL load failed while importing _multiarray_umath: 找不到指定的模块。


The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\project\python\transformer\main.py", line 5, in <module>
    import torch
  File "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\torch\__init__.py", line 1215, in <module>
    from .storage import _StorageBase, TypedStorage, _LegacyStorage, UntypedStorage, _warn_typed_storage_removal
  File "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\torch\storage.py", line 14, in <module>
    import numpy as np
  File "C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py", line 135, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg) from e
ImportError: Error importing numpy: you should not try to import numpy from
        its source directory; please exit the numpy source tree, and relaunch
        your python interpreter from there.

Process finished with exit code 1

定位发现,是因为新创建的虚拟python环境的路径(C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\Library\bin)没有加到pycharm环境变量中。

解决方法:
点击Edit Configurations->Environment variables->文件图标->输入conda配置的Python环境路径C:\Users\tashi\.conda\envs\test1\Library\bin

解决后再运行不再报错,效果如下:

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PythonPyTorch是一个开源的深度学习框架,它提供了动态计算图和易于使用的API,非常适合研究和快速原型开发。如果你想要在Python开始使用PyTorch,可以按照以下步骤进行: 1. **安装PyTorch**: - 首先,确保你已经安装Python。你可以访问PyTorch官网(https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/)获取最新版本的安装指南,包括CPU和GPU支持的安装方法。如果使用pip安装,命令可能是 `pip install torch torchvision`。 2. **导入库**: 在Python脚本或Jupyter Notebook,导入`torch`库来开始使用PyTorch,例如: ```python import torch ``` 3. **创建张量(Tensor)**: PyTorch的核心是张量,它是多维数组。你可以创建张量并执行基本操作: ```python x = torch.tensor([1, 2, 3]) y = torch.tensor([[4, 5], [6, 7]]) ``` 4. **定义神经网络模型**: PyTorch提供了很多预定义的层和模型,如`nn.Module`类,用于构建和训练神经网络。创建一个简单的线性模型: ```python import torch.nn as nn model = nn.Linear(2, 1) ``` 5. **定义损失函数和优化器**: 使用`nn.CrossEntropyLoss`作为损失函数,`torch.optim`模块来创建优化器,如SGD或Adam: ```python loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01) ``` 6. **训练循环**: 进行前向传播、计算损失、反向传播和优化器更新: ```python for epoch in range(num_epochs): output = model(x) loss = loss_fn(output, y) optimizer.zero_grad() # 清空梯度 loss.backward() # 反向传播 optimizer.step() # 更新参数 ```
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