读写信号量在内核中是由rw_semaphore结构表示的:
- 在<Rwsem.h(include/asm-i386)>中
- /*
- * the semaphore definition
- */
- struct rw_semaphore {
- signed long count;
- #define RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE 0x00000000
- #define RWSEM_ACTIVE_BIAS 0x00000001
- #define RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK 0x0000ffff
- #define RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS (-0x00010000)
- #define RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS RWSEM_ACTIVE_BIAS
- #define RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS (RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS + RWSEM_ACTIVE_BIAS)
- spinlock_t wait_lock;
- struct list_head wait_list;
- #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
- struct lockdep_map dep_map;
- #endif
- };
静态创建读写信号量:
- #define __RWSEM_INITIALIZER(name) /
- { RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE, __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED((name).wait_lock), /
- LIST_HEAD_INIT((name).wait_list) __RWSEM_DEP_MAP_INIT(name) }
- #define DECLARE_RWSEM(name) /
- struct rw_semaphore name = __RWSEM_INITIALIZER(name)
动态创建读写信号量:
- extern void __init_rwsem(struct rw_semaphore *sem, const char *name,
- struct lock_class_key *key);
- #define init_rwsem(sem) /
- do { /
- static struct lock_class_key __key; /
- /
- __init_rwsem((sem), #sem, &__key); /
- } while (0)
- /*
- * Initialize an rwsem:
- */
- void __init_rwsem(struct rw_semaphore *sem, const char *name,
- struct lock_class_key *key)
- {
- #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
- /*
- * Make sure we are not reinitializing a held semaphore:
- */
- debug_check_no_locks_freed((void *)sem, sizeof(*sem));
- lockdep_init_map(&sem->dep_map, name, key, 0);
- #endif
- sem->count = RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE;
- spin_lock_init(&sem->wait_lock);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sem->wait_list);
- }
所有读写信号量都是互斥信号量。只要没有写者,并发持有读锁的读者数不限。没有读者时,只有唯一的写者可以获得写锁。所有读写锁的睡眠都不会被信号打断,所以它只有一个版本的down()操作。
- /*
- * lock for reading
- */
- static inline void __down_read(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
- {
- __asm__ __volatile__(
- "# beginning down_read/n/t"
- LOCK_PREFIX " incl (%%eax)/n/t" /* adds 0x00000001, returns the old value */
- " jns 1f/n"
- " call call_rwsem_down_read_failed/n"
- "1:/n/t"
- "# ending down_read/n/t"
- : "+m" (sem->count)
- : "a" (sem)
- : "memory", "cc");
- }
- /*
- * lock for writing
- */
- static inline void __down_write_nested(struct rw_semaphore *sem, int subclass)
- {
- int tmp;
- tmp = RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS;
- __asm__ __volatile__(
- "# beginning down_write/n/t"
- LOCK_PREFIX " xadd %%edx,(%%eax)/n/t" /* subtract 0x0000ffff, returns the old value */
- " testl %%edx,%%edx/n/t" /* was the count 0 before? */
- " jz 1f/n"
- " call call_rwsem_down_write_failed/n"
- "1:/n"
- "# ending down_write"
- : "+m" (sem->count), "=d" (tmp)
- : "a" (sem), "1" (tmp)
- : "memory", "cc");
- }
- static inline void __down_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
- {
- __down_write_nested(sem, 0);
- }
- /*
- * unlock after reading
- */
- static inline void __up_read(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
- {
- __s32 tmp = -RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS;
- __asm__ __volatile__(
- "# beginning __up_read/n/t"
- LOCK_PREFIX " xadd %%edx,(%%eax)/n/t" /* subtracts 1, returns the old value */
- " jns 1f/n/t"
- " call call_rwsem_wake/n"
- "1:/n"
- "# ending __up_read/n"
- : "+m" (sem->count), "=d" (tmp)
- : "a" (sem), "1" (tmp)
- : "memory", "cc");
- }
- /*
- * unlock after writing
- */
- static inline void __up_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
- {
- __asm__ __volatile__(
- "# beginning __up_write/n/t"
- " movl %2,%%edx/n/t"
- LOCK_PREFIX " xaddl %%edx,(%%eax)/n/t" /* tries to transition 0xffff0001 -> 0x00000000 */
- " jz 1f/n"
- " call call_rwsem_wake/n"
- "1:/n/t"
- "# ending __up_write/n"
- : "+m" (sem->count)
- : "a" (sem), "i" (-RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS)
- : "memory", "cc", "edx");
- }
与标准信号量一样,读写信号量也提供了down_read_trylock()和down_write_trylock()方法。
- /*
- * trylock for reading -- returns 1 if successful, 0 if contention
- */
- static inline int __down_read_trylock(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
- {
- __s32 result, tmp;
- __asm__ __volatile__(
- "# beginning __down_read_trylock/n/t"
- " movl %0,%1/n/t"
- "1:/n/t"
- " movl %1,%2/n/t"
- " addl %3,%2/n/t"
- " jle 2f/n/t"
- LOCK_PREFIX " cmpxchgl %2,%0/n/t"
- " jnz 1b/n/t"
- "2:/n/t"
- "# ending __down_read_trylock/n/t"
- : "+m" (sem->count), "=&a" (result), "=&r" (tmp)
- : "i" (RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS)
- : "memory", "cc");
- return result>=0 ? 1 : 0;
- }
- /*
- * trylock for writing -- returns 1 if successful, 0 if contention
- */
- static inline int __down_write_trylock(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
- {
- signed long ret = cmpxchg(&sem->count,
- RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE,
- RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS);
- if (ret == RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE)
- return 1;
- return 0;
- }
读写信号量相比读写自旋锁多一种特有的操作:downgrade_writer(),这个函数可以动态地将获取的写锁转换为读锁。
- /*
- * downgrade write lock to read lock
- */
- static inline void __downgrade_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
- {
- __asm__ __volatile__(
- "# beginning __downgrade_write/n/t"
- LOCK_PREFIX " addl %2,(%%eax)/n/t" /* transitions 0xZZZZ0001 -> 0xYYYY0001 */
- " jns 1f/n/t"
- " call call_rwsem_downgrade_wake/n"
- "1:/n/t"
- "# ending __downgrade_write/n"
- : "+m" (sem->count)
- : "a" (sem), "i" (-RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS)
- : "memory", "cc");
- }
呵呵