符合类型的表现形式为:
class A extends B with C with D with E
应做类似如下形式解读:
class A extends (B with C with D with E)
这正是《scala for the impatient》这本书上的内容,我下面的理解也基本源于这本书。
T1 with T2 with T3 …
这种形式的类型称为复合类型(compound type)或者也叫交集类型(intersection type)。
跟结构类型类似,可以在一个方法里声明类型参数时使用复合类型:
scala> trait X1; trait X2;
scala> def test(x: X1 with X2) = {println("ok")}
test: (x: X1 with X2)Unit
scala> test(new X1 with X2)
ok
scala> object A extends X1 with X2
scala> test(A)
ok
也可以通过 type 声明:
scala> type X = X1 with X2
defined type alias X
scala> def test(x:X) = println("OK")
test: (x: X)Unit
scala> class A extends X1 with X2
scala> val a = new A
scala> test(a)
OK
在上一篇介绍结构类型时也提到过复合类型中也可包含结构类型:
scala> type X = X1 with X2 { def close():Unit }
defined type alias X