MySQL查询语句——子查询（1）# 子查询简述

一：子查询的特点：

1. 子查询可被嵌套在 select，insert，update，delete 等语句中
2. 大多数情况下子查询充当中间结果集角色
3. 子查询可进行嵌套，且根据内存及表达式复杂程度不同，嵌套限制也不同
4. 任何可使用表达式的地方，都可以使用子查询，只要他返回的是单个值

二：子查询的分类：

1. 按返回值的数量可分为：标量子查询，多值子查询
2. 按子查询对外部依赖性：独立子查询，相关子查询
3. 按比较运算符的不同性：IN，EXISTS，ANY，SOME，ALL等多种形式

三：子查询的使用：

1. 首先创建两个表（学生表和教师表）

   # 创建学生表
   mysql> create table tb_student(
       -> stu_ID long,
       -> class varchar(5),
       -> score int
       -> );
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)
   
   # 创建教师表
   mysql> create table tb_teacher(
       -> tea_ID long,
       -> class varchar(5),
       -> age int
       -> );
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec)

2. 将一些值插入到表中

   insert into tb_student values(1, "A", 20);
   
   insert into tb_student values(2, "A", 30);
   
   insert into tb_student values(3, "A", 70);
   
   insert into tb_student values(4, "B", 60);
   
   insert into tb_student values(5, "B", 70);
   
   insert into tb_student values(6, "B", 80);
   
   insert into tb_teacher values(1, "A", 25);
   
   insert into tb_teacher values(2, "B", 40);

3. 准备工作完毕，接下来进行子查询练习

• 例一：各班教师ID及其班级平均分数

  mysql> select tea_ID,
      -> (select avg(score) from tb_student as s where s.class = t.class group by class)
      -> as Avg from tb_teacher as t;
  +--------+---------+
  | tea_ID | Avg     |
  +--------+---------+
  | 1      | 40.0000 |
  | 2      | 70.0000 |
  +--------+---------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

• 例二：各班级教师年龄及其班级及格人数（60为及格线）

  mysql> select age,
      -> (select count(*) from tb_student as s where s.class = t.class && s.score >= 60 group by class)
      -> as Count from tb_teacher as t order by Count desc;
  +------+-------+
  | age  | Count |
  +------+-------+
  |   40 |     3 |
  |   25 |     1 |
  +------+-------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)