Redis

redis

Redis 是什么

  • 是一个高性能的key-value形式的数据库
  • 常常被用于缓存

Redis 有什么优势

  • 内存数据库,速度快,也支持数据的持久化,可以将内存中的数据保存在磁盘中,重启的时候可以再次加载进行使用。

  • Redis读的速度是110000次/s,写的速度是81000次/s ,且是单台服务器的

  • Redis不仅仅支持简单的key-value类型的数据,同时还提供list,set,zset,hash等数据结构的存储。

  • Redis支持数据的备份,即master-slave模式的数据备份。

  • 支持事务

Redis 在ubuntu上的安装与使用

  • 准备工作 更新软件环境

    sudo apt-get update
    
  • 安装 Redis 数据库

     sudo apt-get install redis-server -y
    
  • 启动

    sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server start
    
  • 检查Redis服务器系统进程

    ps -aux|grep redis
    
  • 通过启动命令检查Redis服务器状态

    netstat -nlt|grep 6379
    
  • 通过启动命令检查Redis服务器状态 这个常用

    sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server status
    
  • 停止服务

    sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server stop
    
  • 重启服务

    sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server restart 
    
  • 卸载redis 数据库

    sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove redis-server
    
    apt-get remove --purge redis
    

Redis 的配置文件

  • 通过apt 安装 的 redis配置文件在 etc/redis/redis.conf

    sudo nano /etc/redis/redis.conf
    
  • 设置可以远程连接 在 文件中的NETWORK 中

    # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    注释掉这行
    # bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
    保存退出
    
# Redis配置文件样例

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specifiy
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

# Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行,可以通过该配置项修改,使用yes启用守护进程
# 启用守护进程后,Redis会把pid写到一个pidfile中,在/var/run/redis.pid
daemonize no

# 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时,Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件,可以通过pidfile指定
pidfile  /var/run/redis.pid

# 指定Redis监听端口,默认端口为6379
# 如果指定0端口,表示Redis不监听TCP连接
port 6379

# 绑定的主机地址
# 你可以绑定单一接口,如果没有绑定,所有接口都会监听到来的连接
# bind 127.0.0.1

# Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 755

# 当客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接,如果指定为0,表示关闭该功能
timeout 0

# 指定日志记录级别,Redis总共支持四个级别:debug、verbose、notice、warning,默认为verbose
# debug (很多信息, 对开发/测试比较有用)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel verbose

# 日志记录方式,默认为标准输出,如果配置为redis为守护进程方式运行,而这里又配置为标准输出,则日志将会发送给/dev/null
logfile stdout

# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no

# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis

# Specify the syslog facility.  Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0

# 设置数据库的数量,默认数据库为0,可以使用select <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id
# dbid是从0到‘databases’-1的数目
databases 16

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  #################################
# 指定在多长时间内,有多少次更新操作,就将数据同步到数据文件,可以多个条件配合
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#   满足以下条件将会同步数据:
#   900秒(15分钟)内有1个更改
#   300秒(5分钟)内有10个更改
#   60秒内有10000个更改
#   Note: 可以把所有“save”行注释掉,这样就取消同步操作了

save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

# 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据,默认为yes,Redis采用LZF压缩,如果为了节省CPU时间,可以关闭该选项,但会导致数据库文件变的巨大
rdbcompression yes

# 指定本地数据库文件名,默认值为dump.rdb
dbfilename dump.rdb

# 工作目录.
# 指定本地数据库存放目录,文件名由上一个dbfilename配置项指定
# 
# Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory.
# 
# 注意,这里只能指定一个目录,不能指定文件名
dir ./

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# 主从复制。使用slaveof从 Redis服务器复制一个Redis实例。注意,该配置仅限于当前slave有效
# so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
# different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
# 设置当本机为slav服务时,设置master服务的ip地址及端口,在Redis启动时,它会自动从master进行数据同步
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>


# 当master服务设置了密码保护时,slav服务连接master的密码
# 下文的“requirepass”配置项可以指定密码
# masterauth <master-password>

# When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will
#    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of data data, or the
#    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with
#    an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands
#    but to INFO and SLAVEOF.
#
slave-serve-stale-data yes

# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change
# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10
# seconds.
#
# repl-ping-slave-period 10

# The following option sets a timeout for both Bulk transfer I/O timeout and
# master data or ping response timeout. The default value is 60 seconds.
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
#
# repl-timeout 60

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
# 设置Redis连接密码,如果配置了连接密码,客户端在连接Redis时需要通过auth <password>命令提供密码,默认关闭
# requirepass foobared

# Command renaming.
#
# It is possilbe to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use
# tools but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possilbe to completely kill a command renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""

################################### LIMITS ####################################

# 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数,默认无限制,Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数,
# 如果设置maxclients 0,表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时,Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max Number of clients reached错误信息
# maxclients 128

# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
# EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
# in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
# Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
#
# If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
#
# WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a
# 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real
# database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
# it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time
# to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
# errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.
# 指定Redis最大内存限制,Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中,达到最大内存后,Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key,
# 当此方法处理后,仍然到达最大内存设置,将无法再进行写入操作,但仍然可以进行读取操作。
# Redis新的vm机制,会把Key存放内存,Value会存放在swap区
# maxmemory <bytes>

# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached? You can select among five behavior:
# 
# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
# allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm
# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
# allkeys->random -> remove a random key, any key
# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
# 
# Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write
#       operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.
#
#       At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append
#       incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
#       sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
#       zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
#       getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy volatile-lru

# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample
# size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and
# pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size
# using the following configuration directive.
#
# maxmemory-samples 3

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# 
# Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
# like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).
# Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
# log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
# 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录,Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘,如果不开启,可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。
# 因为redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的,所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
# IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
# log file in background when it gets too big.

appendonly no

# 指定更新日志文件名,默认为appendonly.aof
# appendfilename appendonly.aof

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush 
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.

# 指定更新日志条件,共有3个可选值:
# no:表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘(快)
# always:表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘(慢,安全)
# everysec:表示每秒同步一次(折衷,默认值)

appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync none", that in pratical terms means that it is
# possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
# 
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage.
# 
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a precentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

################################## SLOW LOG ###################################

# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
# 
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.

# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000

# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 1024

################################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ###############################

### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4
### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.

### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4
### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.

# Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual
# amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory.
# In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys
# are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do
# with memory pages.
# 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制,默认值为no,
# VM机制将数据分页存放,由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上,访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中
# 把vm-enabled设置为yes,根据需要设置好接下来的三个VM参数,就可以启动VM了
vm-enabled no
# vm-enabled yes

# This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files
# can't be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap
# file for every redis process you are running. Redis will complain if the
# swap file is already in use.
#
# Redis交换文件最好的存储是SSD(固态硬盘)
# 虚拟内存文件路径,默认值为/tmp/redis.swap,不可多个Redis实例共享
# *** WARNING *** if you are using a shared hosting the default of putting
# the swap file under /tmp is not secure. Create a dir with access granted
# only to Redis user and configure Redis to create the swap file there.
vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap

# With vm-max-memory 0 the system will swap everything it can. Not a good
# default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can in bytes, but it's
# better to leave some margin. For instance specify an amount of RAM
# that's more or less between 60 and 80% of your free RAM.
# 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多少,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据就是keys)
# 也就是说当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
vm-max-memory 0

# Redis swap文件分成了很多的page,一个对象可以保存在多个page上面,但一个page上不能被多个对象共享,vm-page-size是要根据存储的数据大小来设定的。
# 建议如果存储很多小对象,page大小最后设置为32或64bytes;如果存储很大的对象,则可以使用更大的page,如果不确定,就使用默认值
vm-page-size 32

# 设置swap文件中的page数量由于页表(一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap)是存放在内存中的,在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存
# swap空间总容量为 vm-page-size * vm-pages
#
# With the default of 32-bytes memory pages and 134217728 pages Redis will
# use a 4 GB swap file, that will use 16 MB of RAM for the page table.
#
# It's better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application,
# but the default is large in order to work in most conditions.
vm-pages 134217728

# Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time.
# This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they
# also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger
# number of threads can help with big objects even if they can't help with
# I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many
# reads/writes operations at the same time.
# 设置访问swap文件的I/O线程数,最后不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的,可能会造成比较长时间的延迟,默认值为4
vm-max-threads 4

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they
# have at max a given numer of elements, and the biggest element does not
# exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following
# configuration directives.
# 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时,采用一种特殊的哈希算法
hash-max-zipmap-entries 512
hash-max-zipmap-value 64

# Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order
# to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when
# you are under the following limits:
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64

# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512

# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64

# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table
# that is rhashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
# 
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
# 指定是否激活重置哈希,默认为开启
activerehashing yes

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# 指定包含其他的配置文件,可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件,而同时各实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf

Redis的5种数据类型

String(字符串)

操作 命令 语法解释
最基本的命令 GET、SET GET key,SET key value value如果有空格需要双引号以示区分
整数递增 INCR INCR key 默认值为0,所以首先执行命令得到 1 ,不是整型提示错误
增加指定的整数 INCRBY INCRBY key increment
整数递减 DECR DECR key 默认值为0,所以首先执行命令得到 -1,不是整型提示错误
减少指定的整数 DECRBY DECRBY key increment
增加指定浮点数 INCRBYFLOAT INCRBYFLOAT key increment 与INCR命令类似,只不过可以递增一个双精度浮点数
向尾部追加值 APPEND APPEND key value redis客户端并不是输出追加后的字符串,而是输出字符串总长度
获取字符串长度 STRLEN STRLEN key 如果键不存在返回0,注意如果有中文时,一个中文长度是3,redis是使用UTF-8编码中文的
获取多个键值 MGET MGET key [key …] 例如:MGET key1 key2
设置多个键值 MSET MSET key value [key value …] 例如:MSET key1 1 key2 “hello redis”
二进制指定位置值 GETBIT GETBIT key offset 例如:GETBIT key1 2 ,key1为hello 返回 1,返回的值只有0或1, 当key不存在或超出实际长度时为0
设置二进制位置值 SETBIT SETBIT key offset value ,返回该位置的旧值
二进制是1的个数 BITCOUNT BITCOUNT key [start end] ,start 、end为开始和结束字节
位运算 BITOP BITOP operation destkey key [key …] ,operation支持AND、OR、XOR、NOT
偏移 BITPOS BITPOS key bit [start] [end]

Hash(哈希)

操作 命令 语法解释
设置单个 HSET 语法:HSET key field value,不存在时返回1,存在时返回0,没有更新和插入之分
设置多个 HMSET 语法:HMSET key field value [field value …]
读取单个 HGET 语法:HGET key field,不存在是返回nil
读取多个 HMGET 语法:HMGET key field [field …]
读取全部 HGETALL 语法:HGETALL key,返回时字段和字段值的列表
判断字段是否存在 HEXISTS 语法:HEXISTS key field,存在返回1 ,不存在返回0
字段不存在时赋值 HSETNX 语法:HSETNX key field value,与hset命令不同,hsetnx是键不存在时设置值
增加数字 HINCRBY 语法:HINCRBY key field increment ,返回增加后的数,不是整数时会提示错误
删除字段 HDEL 语法:HDEL key field [field …] ,返回被删除字段的个数
只获取字段名 HKEYS 语法:HKEYS key ,返回键的所有字段名
只获取字段值 HVALS 语法:HVALS key ,返回键的所有字段值
字段数量 HLEN 语法:HLEN key ,返回字段总数

List(列表)

操作 命令 语法解释
添加左边元素 LPUSH 语法:LPUSH key value [value …] ,返回添加后的列表元素的总个数
添加右边元素 RPUSH 语法:RPUSH key value [value …] ,返回添加后的列表元素的总个数
移除左边第一个元素 LPOP 语法:LPOP key ,返回被移除的元素值
移除右边第一个元素 RPOP 语法:RPOP key ,返回被移除的元素值
列表元素个数 LLEN 语法:LLEN key, 不存在时返回0,redis是直接读取现成的值,并不是统计个数
获取列表片段 LRANGE 语法:LRANGE key start stop,如果start比stop靠后时返回空列表,0 -1 返回整个列表,正数时:start 开始索引值,stop结束索引值(索引从0开始),负数时:例如 range num -2 -1,-2表示最右边第二个,-1表示最右边第一个,
删除指定值 LREM 语法:LREM key count value,返回被删除的个数,count>0,从左边开始删除前count个值为value的元素,count<0,从右边开始删除前|count|个值为value的元素,count=0,删除所有值为value的元素
索引元素值 LINDEX 语法:LINDEX key index ,返回索引的元素值,-1表示从最右边的第一位
设置元素值 LSET 语法:LSET key index value
保留列表片段 LTRIM 语法:LTRIM key start stop,start、top 参考lrange命令
一个列表转移另一个列表 RPOPLPUSH 语法:RPOPLPUSH source desctination ,从source列表转移到desctination列表,该命令分两步看,首先source列表RPOP右移除,再desctination列表LPUSH

Set(集合)

操作 命令 语法解释
添加元素: SADD 语法:SADD key member [member …] ,向一个集合添加一个或多个元素,因为集合的唯一性,所以添加相同值时会被忽略。返回成功添加元素的数量。
删除元素: SREM 语法:SREM key member [member …] 删除集合中一个或多个元素,返回成功删除的个数。例如:srem ball football basketball
获取全部元素: SMEMBERS 语法:SMEMBERS key ,返回集合全部元素
值是否存在: SISMEMBER 语法:SISMEMBER key member ,如果存在返回1,不存在返回0例如:sismember ball football
差运算: SDIFF 语法:SDIFF key [key …] ,例如:集合A和集合B,差集表示A-B,在A里有的元素B里没有,返回差集合;多个集合(A-B)-C
交运算: SINTER 语法:SINTER key [key …],返回交集集合,每个集合都有的元素
并运算: SUNION 语法:SUNION key [key …],返回并集集合,所有集合的元素
集合元素个数: SCARD 语法:SCARD key ,返回集合元素个数
集合运算后存储结果 SDIFFSTROE 语法:SDIFFSTROE destination key [key …] ,差运算并存储到destination新集合中, SINTERSTROE destination key [key …],交运算并存储到destination新集合中,SUNIONSTROE destination key [key …],并运算并存储到destination新集合
随机获取元素 SRANDMEMGER 语法:SRANDMEMBER key [count],根据count不同有不同结果,count大于元素总数时返回全部元素 count>0 ,返回集合中count不重复的元素count<0,返回集合中count的绝对值个元素,但元素可能会重复
弹出元素 SPOP 语法:SPOP key [count] ,因为集合是无序的,所以spop会随机弹出一个元素

zset(set集合)

操作 命令 语法解释
加集合元素ZADD 语法:ZADD key [NX XX] [CH] [INCR] score member [score member …],不存在添加,存在更新。
获取元素分数 ZSCORE 语法:ZSCORE key member ,返回元素成员的score 分数
元素小到大 ZRANGE 语法:ZRANGE key start top [WITHSCORES] ,参考LRANGE ,加上withscores 返回带元素,即元素,分数,数一样时,按元素排序
元素大到小 ZREVRANGE 语法:ZREVRANGE key start [WITHSCORES] ,与zrange区别在于zrevrange是从大到小排序
指定分数范围元素 ZRANGEBYSCORE 语法:ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORE] [LIMIT offest count]返回从小到大的在min和max之间的元素,( 符号表示不包含,例如:80-100,(80 100,, withscore返回带分数,limit offest count 向左偏移offest个元素,并获取前count个元素
指定分数范围元素 ZREVRANGESCORE 语法:ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max min [WITHSCORE] [LIMIT offest count]与zrangebyscore类似,只不过该命令是从大到小排序的。
增加分数 ZINCRBY 语法:ZINCRBY key increment member ,注意是增加分数,返回增加后的分数;如果成员不存在,则添加一个为0的成员

Redis的持久化

  • 在Redsi 中持久化有两种方式
  • 一种是RDB持久化(原理是将Reids在内存中的数据记录定时dump(转存)到磁盘上的RDB持久化)
RDB:是指在指定的时间间隔内将内存中的数据集快照写入磁盘,实际操作过程是fork一个子进程,先将数据集写入临时文件,写入成功后,再替换之前的文件,用二进制压缩存储

1)先停止redis的服务: sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server stop
2)然后打开redis的配置文件redis.conf:  sudo vi /etc/redis/redis.conf
3)  然后去查找第194 作用我们会发现redis的RDB持久化的配置的时间策略为
       save 900 1     表示900s内如果有1条是写入命令,就触发产生一次快照,可以理解为就进行一次备份
       save 300 10    表示300s内有10条写入,就产生快照

4)为了演示方便我们将194的那三个save都给注释掉,然后重启redis的服务
5)重新向redis中添加新的数据:set name qf123
6) 重启ubuntu02这台电脑,然后我们重新登录redis-cli --raw会发现 qf123这个数据没有进行持久化也就是RDB不起作用了
  • 一种是AOF(append only file)持久化(原理是将Reids的操作日志以追加的方式写入文件)
AOF持久化:以日志的形式记录服务器所处理的每一个写、删除操作,查询操作不会记录,以文本的方式记录,可以打开文件看到详细的操作记录

0)先清空当前数据库中的数据,且禁用了RDB的这种持久化方式
1)先停止redis的服务:sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server stop
2)修改redis.conf:  
    2.1)打开rdis.conf: sudo vi /etc/redis/redis.conf
    2.2) 修改配置文件
    	581 行左右  appendonly on   这里是开启AOF这种持久化的 如果 值为 on则为开启
    	609 行左右  appendfsync everysec  这里是持久化策略  AOF支持三种持久化策略   alwaye 只要有添加修改删除就记录  数据完整度高,但是对服务器
    																	 everysec  每秒钟触发一次
    																	 no  是不主动进行同步操作 ,是默认的三十秒执行一次
3)重新启动redis的服务: sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server start
4)向redis中存入数据:set k1 123  set k2  234 ,一秒钟后退出(exit)redis的服务
5)重启ubuntu02这台电脑,重新登录redis-cli --raw 然后重新查看keys *即可发现已经实现了redis的持久化了,

Redis的事务

  • 严格意义来讲,Redis的事务和我们理解的传统数据库(如mysql)的事务是不一样的;Redis的事务实质上是命令的集合,在一个事务中要么所有命令都被执行,要么所有命令都不执行

  • redis 事务的特性

    1)是一个单独的隔离操作:事务中的所有命令都会序列化、按顺序地执行。事务在执行的过程中,不会被其他客户端发送来的命令请求所打断。
    2)是一个原子操作:事务中的命令要么全部被执行,要么全部都不执行。
    
    redis事务(Transaction)命令:
          MULTI:		执行标记着事务的开始,本质上就是将客户端的
          REDIS_MULTI 	 选项打开,让客户端从非事务状态切换到事务状态
          EXEC:			提交事务
          DISCARD:		取消事务
          WATCH:		乐观锁
    
  • Redis的事务

    演示redis最基本的事务处理
    set id huting    #设置一个数据
    multi            #打开事务支持
    incr id           #【queued】进行数据操作
    set age 500 #【queued】进行数据操作
    exec   #提交事务
    #这个时候报错了
    
    原因分析:因为id的数据不是一个数字,所以不能进行自增更新,所以报错了,但是这个不是重点,重点的是,set age 500这句命令还是被执行了,
    那么问题来了,部分提交成功,部分报错,这叫事务吗?现在我想你应该明白redis的事务控制是一个玩笑了
    补充讲解:其实redis最基本的事务处理说明:1)redis是想要实现事务处理
                                         2)redis自身的redis事务处理是有缺陷的,为此就引出了高版本的redis的事务处理的办法:乐观锁
                                         3)所以nosql在应用上都是考虑不处理事务的情况居多
                                         
    乐观锁:当A执行更新的同时 把Min的值改成了2,那么B再执行语句的时候会更新失败,但是不会影响其他的访问
    
    
    redis事务总结
    	redis的事务分三阶段
    		开启:以MULTI开始一个事务
    		入队:将多个命令入队到事务中,接到这些命令并不会立即执行,而是放到等待执行的事务队列里面
    		执行:由EXEC命令触发事务
    
    

Redis的发布订阅—MQ消息队列

 Redis发布订阅架构:Redis提供了发布订阅功能,可以用于消息的传输,Redis的发布订阅机制包括三个部分,发布者,订阅者和Channel

 在本例子中我们依靠Jedis来实现了 redis 的消息队列    在使用的时候应该先启动消费者在进行消息的发送    因为在redis 的消息队列中是不进行信息储存的

代码实现

  • 使用maven构建项目

     <!-- Redis数据库操作工具   -->
     <dependency>
         <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
         <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
         <version>3.1.0</version>
     </dependency>
    
  • 实现消息接收接口

    package com.rj.bd;  
      
    import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPubSub;  
      
    /** 
     * redis发布订阅消息监听器
     * 		监听到订阅模式接受到消息时的回调 (onPMessage)
     * 		监听到订阅频道接受到消息时的回调 (onMessage )
     * 		订阅频道时的回调( onSubscribe )
     * 		取消订阅频道时的回调( onUnsubscribe )
     * 		订阅频道模式时的回调 ( onPSubscribe )
     * 		取消订阅模式时的回调( onPUnsubscribe )
     */  
    public class RedisMsgPubSubListener extends JedisPubSub {
         
        @Override  //2.监听到订阅频道接受到消息时的回调
        public void onMessage(String channel, String message) {
           
            System.out.println("channel(频道):" + channel + "正在接受消息 :" + message);  
            this.unsubscribe();//铺垫第三步:取消订阅
        }  
      
        @Override  //1.订阅频道时的回调
        public void onSubscribe(String channel, int subscribedChannels) {
           
            System.out.println("channel(频道):" + channel + "  已经被订阅了!并且订阅的数量为:" + subscribedChannels);  
        }  
      
        @Override  //3.取消订阅频道时的回调
        public void onUnsubscribe(String channel, int subscribedChannels) {
           
            System.out.println("channel(频道):" + channel + "已经被取消订阅了:" + subscribedChannels);  
        }  
    }  
    
  • 创建发布者

    package com.rj.bd;  
      
    import java.util.Scanner;
    import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
    
    /**
     * @desc  发布者  发布消息
     * @author 秋枫
     */
    public class TestPublish {
           
        public static  void  main(String[] args) throws Exception{
         
            
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