spring+hibernate JPA

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-15 09:44:14 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-05-15 09:44:14 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： Hibernate JPA Spring DAO Bean

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qiuyabing/article/details/83610810

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关于spring+hibernate JPA的一个例子

通过spring配置来实现对数据库的访问和对事务的管理

简单的对一张表（table）的操作

实体类：

User.java

package domain;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.NamedQueries;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
* User generated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "user", catalog = "shopping")
@NamedQueries(value = {@NamedQuery(name = "User.findAllUsers", query = "from User")})
public class User implements java.io.Serializable {

// Fields

/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2172281412405163597L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
private Integer id;

private String name;

private String pswd;

private String email;

// Constructors

/** default constructor */
public User() {
}

/** full constructor */
public User(Integer id, String name, String pswd, String email) {
  this.id = id;
  this.name = name;
  this.pswd = pswd;
  this.email = email;
}

// Property accessors
@Id
@Column(name = "ID", unique = true, nullable = false, insertable = true, updatable = true)
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}

@Column(name = "NAME", unique = false, nullable = false, insertable = true, updatable = true, length = 30)
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

@Column(name = "PSWD", unique = false, nullable = false, insertable = true, updatable = true, length = 45)
public String getPswd() {
return this.pswd;
}

public void setPswd(String pswd) {
this.pswd = pswd;
}

@Column(name = "EMAIL", unique = false, nullable = false, insertable = true, updatable = true, length = 60)
public String getEmail() {
return this.email;
}

public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}

}

Userdao.java (对表user的操作)

package com;

import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
import javax.persistence.Query;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaCallback;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import domain.User;

@Repository
public class Userdao {

private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;

public Userdao() {
}

protected JpaTemplate getJpaTemplate() {
return new JpaTemplate(this.entityManagerFactory);
}

@Transactional
// 声明为事务
public void createUser(User user) {
final JpaTemplate jpaTemplate = getJpaTemplate();
jpaTemplate.persist(user);
}

@Transactional
// 声明为事务
public void updateAndsaveUser(User user) {
  final JpaTemplate jpaTemplate = getJpaTemplate();
  user = jpaTemplate.merge(user);
  System.out.println("修改完成");
}

@Transactional
public void deleteUser(User user) {// 注意与deleteUserById()方法的比较
  final JpaTemplate jpaTemplate = getJpaTemplate();// 下面为什么没有用user
  // =jpaTemplate.merge(user);
  // 是因为下面的查找和删除都在一个事务中，user一直处于managed状态
  user = jpaTemplate.merge(user); // change bean from detacthed to
  // managed;
  jpaTemplate.remove(user);
}

public User findUserById(Integer id) {
final JpaTemplate jpaTemplate = getJpaTemplate();
return jpaTemplate.find(User.class, id);
}

@Transactional
// 声明事务
public boolean deleteAllUsers() {
final JpaTemplate jpaTemplate = getJpaTemplate();
return (Boolean) jpaTemplate.execute(new JpaCallback() {

   public Object doInJpa(EntityManager em) throws PersistenceException {
    Query q = em.createNativeQuery("Delete from User");
    if (q.executeUpdate() == 0)
     return Boolean.TRUE;
    else
     return Boolean.FALSE;
   }
  });
}

public List findAllUsers() {
final JpaTemplate jpaTemplate = getJpaTemplate();
return jpaTemplate.findByNamedQuery("User.findAllUsers");
}

@Transactional
// 事务声明删除操作必须在事务中才能完成
public boolean deleteUserById(Integer id) {
  User user = null;
  final JpaTemplate jpaTemplate = getJpaTemplate();
  user = jpaTemplate.find(User.class, id);
  if (user != null) {
   jpaTemplate.remove(user);
   System.out.println("删除用户：" + user.getName() + "(id=" + user.getId()
     + ")");
   return true;
  } else {
   System.out.println("无法删除用户(id=" + id + ")");
   return false;
  }

}

public void setEntityManagerFactory(
EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
this.entityManagerFactory = entityManagerFactory;
}
}

persistence.xml (持久化单元)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd" version="1.0">

<persistence-unit name="entityManagerFactory"
  transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
  <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
  <class>domain.User</class>
  <properties>
   <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"
    value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
   <property name="hibernate.connection.url"
    value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shopping?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=GB2312" />
   <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root" />
   <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="1024" />
   <property name="show_sql" value="true" />
   <property name="hibernate.Dialect"
    value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
  </properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

ApplicationContext.xml（Spring的一些配置）

<bean id="myTxManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
  <property name="entityManagerFactory"
   ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="myTxManager"></tx:annotation-driven>

</beans>

测试类

package com;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import domain.User;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {

/**
* @param args
*/

public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
    "ApplicationContext.xml");
  Userdao dao = (Userdao) ctx.getBean("userdao");
  // System.out.println("姓名："+dao.getUser().getName());
  // System.out.println("年龄："+dao.getUser().getAge());
  /*
   * dao.deleteUserById(1); dao.deleteUserById(2); dao.deleteUserById(3);
   */
  // System.out.println(dao.deleteAllUsers());
//   User user1 = new User(4,"lb","1235","lb@163.com");
//   User user2 = new User(5,"hjp","1236","hjp@163.com");
//   User user3 = new User(6,"zrq","1237","zrq@163.com");
//   dao.createUser(user1);
//   dao.createUser(user2);
//   dao.createUser(user3);
  User user11 = dao.findUserById(8);
  if (user11 != null)
   {System.out.println("姓名： " + user11.getName() + "(id="
     + user11.getId() + ");");
  dao.deleteUser(user11);}
  System.out.println("<----------------------------------->");
  User user = dao.findUserById(1);
  user.setName("yyq");
  user.setEmail("yyq2007aa@163.com");
  dao.updateAndsaveUser(user);
  List<User> userlist = new ArrayList<User>();
  userlist = dao.findAllUsers();
  Iterator item = userlist.iterator();
  int i = 0;
  while (item.hasNext()) {
   i++;
   System.out.println(i + ". 姓名：" + ((User) item.next()).getName());
  }
}

}

要注意的就是在Userdao.java中对User的cud等操作的事务性处理，事务通过@Transactional来声明，那么在ApplicationContext.xml中配置的事务管理器会自动把这个操作当作事务来处理。

JPA是持久化的标准，需要provider。现在支持JPA的ORM包有多种。Netbeans自带Toplink，如果想使用ORM框架的一些高级的功能，可以使用Hibernate作为JPA的实现。

使用Hibernate作为JPA的实现，需要在官网下载core、annotation、entityManager包。一般支持Hibernate的IDE都会带有core包，那么只需一下这些jar就可以：

ejb3-persistence.jar //创建实体时可以使用jdk1.6带的注释功能

hibernate-annotations.jar

hibernate-commons-annotations.jar

hibernate-entitymanager.jar //创建持久性单元需要这个jar

javassist.jar

jboss-archive-browsing.jar

将这些jar放到类路径就可以创建持久性单元persisitence.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<persistence-unit name="JavaApplication14PU" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">

<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>

<class>model.JH</class>

</properties>

</persistence-unit>

</persistence>

其实这个就和hibernate.cfg.xml一样，用于管理持久层的配置。

不过写法和hibernate.cfg.xml有一些区别。

在hibernate.cfg.xml我们可以这样写：

但是在persistence.xml里面，我们得在value里面写：

之后建立实体就可以使用我们的Annotation了，不用再使用mapping文件了。

如果要使用到hibernate的高级功能，只需要在这个persistence.xml里面添加就可以了，例如我想添加二级缓存还有查询缓存，可以添加：

而且当实体需要使用缓存的时候，我们只需要加上这个Annotation：

@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)

public class MyModel{}

这相当于在mapping文件里面添加：

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spring+hibernate JPA

关于spring+hibernate JPA的一个例子通过spring配置来实现对数据库的访问和对事务的管理简单的对一张表（table）的操作实体类：User.javapackage domain;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.pers...
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