javaweb 学习笔记二

Cookie

Cookie 客户端保存数据技术可以设置保存时长,保存的数据较少 效率较低 一般不建议使用

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;

public class CookieDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //设置输出
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        //获取Cookie
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
        out.write(" 您上一次的时间是:");
        if (cookies != null){
            for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
                if (cookie.getName().equals("lastLoginTime")){
                    long l = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
                    Date date = new Date(l);
                    out.write(date.toLocaleString());
                }
            }
        }else{
            out.write("第一次访问本站");
        }
        //存入Cookie
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis() + "");
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

Session

package com.huang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码问题
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //获取session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("name", "小明");
        String sessionId = session.getId();
        if (session.isNew()){
            resp.getWriter().write("创建ID:" + sessionId);
        }else{
            resp.getWriter().write("存在的ID" + sessionId);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

<!--设置Session默认的失效时间--> 
<session-config> 
<!--15分钟后Session自动失效，以分钟为单位--> 
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout> 
</session-config>

JSP

一个网页形式的servlet,可以直接编写java程序或编写前段页面程序,后台会生产index.java的文件

常用4个作用域

pageContext : 页面端存储数据,开用于保存当前页面使用 其他地方不使用的数据(小技巧:可通过第三个参数来扩展作用于)

requset:当前请求中使用的数据作为保存的参数

Session:当前打开浏览器不会丢失的数据 购物车经典中的经典

Application:保存在服务器中的数据,几乎等于永久保存

作用域不同使用的资源不同,作用域越大 资源占据越多

MVC三层架构

MVC： Model view Controller 模型、视图、控制器

Model

业务处理 ：业务逻辑（Service）

数据持久层：CRUD （Dao）

View

展示数据

提供链接发起Servlet请求 （a，form，img…）

Controller （Servlet）

接收用户的请求 ：（req：请求参数、Session信息….）

交给业务层处理对应的代码

控制视图的跳转

Filter(过滤器)

过滤器:将常用的加载或设置代码统一实现在一个函数中

package com.huang.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class servletFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("过滤器初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        System.out.println("过滤器执行前");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("过滤器执行后");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("过滤器销毁中");
    }
}

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.huang.Servlet.helloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/servlet/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<filter>
  <filter-name>servlet</filter-name>
  <filter-class>com.huang.Servlet.servletFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>servlet</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

Listener(监听器)

package com.huang.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener {
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
        ServletContext ctx = httpSessionEvent.getSession().getServletContext();
        System.out.println(httpSessionEvent.getSession().getId());
        Integer onlineCount = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("OnlineCount");
        if (onlineCount==null){
            onlineCount = new Integer(1);
        }else {
            int count = onlineCount.intValue();
            onlineCount = new Integer(count+1);
        }
        ctx.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);
    }

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
        ServletContext ctx = httpSessionEvent.getSession().getServletContext();
        Integer onlineCount = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("OnlineCount");
        if (onlineCount==null){
            onlineCount = new Integer(0);
        }else {
            int count = onlineCount.intValue();
            onlineCount = new Integer(count-1);
        }
        ctx.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);
    }
}

<listener>
  <listener-class>com.huang.Servlet.OnlineCountListener</listener-class>
</listener>

  onlineCount = new Integer(count-1);
    }
    ctx.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);
}

}

```xml
<listener>
  <listener-class>com.huang.Servlet.OnlineCountListener</listener-class>
</listener>