linux 以太网包proto字段的分配

        linux系统关于proto字段值的分配写在头文件<net/ethernet.h>中：

/* Copyright (C) 1997-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   This file is part of the GNU C Library.

   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Lesser General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

/* Based on the FreeBSD version of this file. Curiously, that file
   lacks a copyright in the header. */

#ifndef __NET_ETHERNET_H
#define __NET_ETHERNET_H 1

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <linux/if_ether.h>     /* IEEE 802.3 Ethernet constants */

__BEGIN_DECLS

/* This is a name for the 48 bit ethernet address available on many
   systems.  */
struct ether_addr
{
  u_int8_t ether_addr_octet[ETH_ALEN];
} __attribute__ ((__packed__));

/* 10Mb/s ethernet header */
struct ether_header
{
  u_int8_t  ether_dhost[ETH_ALEN];	/* destination eth addr	*/
  u_int8_t  ether_shost[ETH_ALEN];	/* source ether addr	*/
  u_int16_t ether_type;		        /* packet type ID field	*/
} __attribute__ ((__packed__));

/* Ethernet protocol ID's */
#define	ETHERTYPE_PUP		0x0200          /* Xerox PUP */
#define ETHERTYPE_SPRITE	0x0500		/* Sprite */
#define	ETHERTYPE_IP		0x0800		/* IP */
#define	ETHERTYPE_ARP		0x0806		/* Address resolution */
#define	ETHERTYPE_REVARP	0x8035		/* Reverse ARP */
#define ETHERTYPE_AT		0x809B		/* AppleTalk protocol */
#define ETHERTYPE_AARP		0x80F3		/* AppleTalk ARP */
#define	ETHERTYPE_VLAN		0x8100		/* IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging */
#define ETHERTYPE_IPX		0x8137		/* IPX */
#define	ETHERTYPE_IPV6		0x86dd		/* IP protocol version 6 */
#define ETHERTYPE_LOOPBACK	0x9000		/* used to test interfaces */


#define	ETHER_ADDR_LEN	ETH_ALEN                 /* size of ethernet addr */
#define	ETHER_TYPE_LEN	2                        /* bytes in type field */
#define	ETHER_CRC_LEN	4                        /* bytes in CRC field */
#define	ETHER_HDR_LEN	ETH_HLEN                 /* total octets in header */
#define	ETHER_MIN_LEN	(ETH_ZLEN + ETHER_CRC_LEN) /* min packet length */
#define	ETHER_MAX_LEN	(ETH_FRAME_LEN + ETHER_CRC_LEN) /* max packet length */

/* make sure ethenet length is valid */
#define	ETHER_IS_VALID_LEN(foo)	\
	((foo) >= ETHER_MIN_LEN && (foo) <= ETHER_MAX_LEN)

/*
 * The ETHERTYPE_NTRAILER packet types starting at ETHERTYPE_TRAIL have
 * (type-ETHERTYPE_TRAIL)*512 bytes of data followed
 * by an ETHER type (as given above) and then the (variable-length) header.
 */
#define	ETHERTYPE_TRAIL		0x1000		/* Trailer packet */
#define	ETHERTYPE_NTRAILER	16

#define	ETHERMTU	ETH_DATA_LEN
#define	ETHERMIN	(ETHER_MIN_LEN - ETHER_HDR_LEN - ETHER_CRC_LEN)

__END_DECLS

#endif	/* net/ethernet.h */

      以下是“github.com/google/gopacket” Go语言的pcap定义的以太网Pcap类型：

const (
	// EthernetTypeLLC is not an actual ethernet type.  It is instead a
	// placeholder we use in Ethernet frames that use the 802.3 standard of
	// srcmac|dstmac|length|LLC instead of srcmac|dstmac|ethertype.
	EthernetTypeLLC                         EthernetType = 0
	EthernetTypeIPv4                        EthernetType = 0x0800
	EthernetTypeARP                         EthernetType = 0x0806
	EthernetTypeIPv6                        EthernetType = 0x86DD
	EthernetTypeCiscoDiscovery              EthernetType = 0x2000
	EthernetTypeNortelDiscovery             EthernetType = 0x01a2
	EthernetTypeTransparentEthernetBridging EthernetType = 0x6558
	EthernetTypeDot1Q                       EthernetType = 0x8100
	EthernetTypePPP                         EthernetType = 0x880b
	EthernetTypePPPoEDiscovery              EthernetType = 0x8863
	EthernetTypePPPoESession                EthernetType = 0x8864
	EthernetTypeMPLSUnicast                 EthernetType = 0x8847
	EthernetTypeMPLSMulticast               EthernetType = 0x8848
	EthernetTypeEAPOL                       EthernetType = 0x888e
	EthernetTypeERSPAN                      EthernetType = 0x88be
	EthernetTypeQinQ                        EthernetType = 0x88a8
	EthernetTypeLinkLayerDiscovery          EthernetType = 0x88cc
	EthernetTypeEthernetCTP                 EthernetType = 0x9000
)