Numpy库详解

代码展示

#!/usr/bin/python3

import numpy as np;

# numpy中的dtype数据类型：
# int_, int8/uint8, int16/uint16, int32/uint32, int64/uint64
# float_, float16, float32, float64
# complex_, complex64, complex128 (复数)
# string_,（ASCII字符串） unicode_（Unicode字符串）
# bool_ 

# 创建一/二维数组，参数为list或tuple 
arr = np.array([1,3,5,7],dtype = np.int64);
print(arr,arr.dtype);
arr_ = np.array([[1,3,5],[2,4,6]]);
print(arr_);
# 数组的转置
print(arr_.T); 

# 创建范围数组
arr1 = np.arange(start = 0,stop = 10,step = 1,dtype = np.int64);
print(arr1,arr1.dtype);

# 创建等差数组,endpoint:是否包含结束值，retstep:是否返回步长（返回二元组）
arr2 = np.linspace(start = 0,stop = 10,num = 5,endpoint = True,retstep = True,dtype = np.int64);
print(arr2[0],arr2[1]);

# 创建等比数组,endpoint:是否包含结束值，base:底数,start或stop:要以base为底数
arr3 = np.logspace(start = 0,stop = 3,num = 4,endpoint = True,base = 2,dtype = np.int64);
print(arr3); 

# 创建全为1的数组,shape:行列数
one = np.ones(shape = [2,3],dtype = np.int32);
print(one);

# 创建全0的数组,shape:行列数
zero = np.zeros(shape = [3,2],dtype = np.int32);
print(zero);

# 创建指定值的数组,shape:行列数
full = np.full(shape = [2,4],fill_value = 10,dtype = np.int32);
print(full);

# 创建单位数组,n:行列数
identity = np.identity(n = 4,dtype = np.int32);
print(identity);

# 一/二维数组切片 切片修改会影响原数组 
arr4 = np.array([1,2,3,4,5]);
print(arr4[1:3],arr4[1:-1]);
arr5 = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]);
print(arr5[0:2,1:2],arr5[0:2,1:2].shape); #使用shape查看数组形状

# 其他索引 
arr6 = np.array([10,12,13,14,15]);
a = [2,3,4];
print(arr6[a]);
arr7 =np.array([11,23,45,67,89]);
b = [False,True,False,True,True];
print(arr7[b]);

# 数组分割
arr8 = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]);
print(np.split(arr8,4));  # 平均分割为4部分
arr9 = np.arange(0,8,1);
print(np.split(arr9,np.array([3,6,7]))); # 按照数组进行切片分割

# 连接数组
c1 = np.array([1,3,5]);
c2 = np.array([2,4,6]);
arr10 = np.concatenate((c1,c2),axis = 0); # axis:0/1轴，即x/y轴
print(arr10);

# 算术运算
arr11 = np.array([3,4,5]);
d = np.array([1,2,3]);
print(arr11 + d);
print(arr11 ** d);
print(arr11 + 3);

# 随机数函数
rand = np.random.rand(3);
rand1 = np.random.randint(1,10,size = 2); # size为生成后的形状
rand2 = np.random.randint(1,20,size = (2,3)); # 结果为2行3列的数组
print(rand,rand1);
print(rand2);
rand3 = np.random.randn(3,4); # 标准正态分布随机数
print(rand3);

# 排序函数  axis:排序的轴索引(默认-1)   order:排序字段
# kind:类型，quicksort(快排)，mergesort(归并)，heapsort(堆排序)
arr12 = np.random.randint(1,100,10);
print(arr12);
sort = np.sort(arr12,axis = -1,kind = "quicksort",order =  None);
print(sort);

# 聚集函数
arr13 = np.array([1,4,11,5,67,222,10,27]);
print(arr13.sum(axis = 0));
print(arr13.max(axis = 0),arr13.min(axis = 0));
print(arr13.mean(axis = 0));

# 数组的保存与读取
arr14 = np.arange(1,100,12);
arr15 = np.arange(2,20,8);
print(arr14,arr15);
np.save(file = "arr14",arr = arr14);
np.savez(file = "arr14_15",array_a1 = arr14,array_a2 = arr15);
print(np.load(file = "arr14.npy"));
arr14_15 = np.load(file = "arr14_15.npz");
print(arr14_15["array_a2"]);