论文阅读:ByteNet, Neural Machine Translation in Linear Time

ByteNet是一种神经机器翻译模型,其Decoder直接叠加在Encoder上,通过动态展开技术实现线性时间复杂度。模型设计考虑了线性时间运行、特征表示与输入长度线性关系及短路径传播,以处理长距离依赖。文章提到两种残差块,分别应用于机器翻译和语言建模实验。

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Neural Translation Model

给定源语言 string s , 通过网络模型来估计目标语言string t 的概率分布 p(t|s)
  与PixelCNN类似, t 的联合概率分布可以通过链式法则转化为连续的 p(ti|t

The code you provided defines a named tuple `Hypothesis` with two fields, `value` and `score`. This is a convenient way to store and manipulate hypotheses in the context of sequence-to-sequence models. The `NMT` class is a PyTorch module that implements a simple neural machine translation model. It consists of a bidirectional LSTM encoder, a unidirectional LSTM decoder, and a global attention mechanism based on Luong et al. (2015). Here's a breakdown of the code: ```python from collections import namedtuple import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F Hypothesis = namedtuple('Hypothesis', ['value', 'score']) class NMT(nn.Module): def __init__(self, src_vocab_size, tgt_vocab_size, emb_size, hidden_size): super(NMT, self).__init__() self.src_embed = nn.Embedding(src_vocab_size, emb_size) self.tgt_embed = nn.Embedding(tgt_vocab_size, emb_size) self.encoder = nn.LSTM(emb_size, hidden_size, bidirectional=True) self.decoder = nn.LSTMCell(emb_size + hidden_size, hidden_size) self.attention = nn.Linear(hidden_size * 2, hidden_size) self.out = nn.Linear(hidden_size, tgt_vocab_size) self.hidden_size = hidden_size def forward(self, src, tgt): batch_size = src.size(0) src_len = src.size(1) tgt_len = tgt.size(1) # Encode the source sentence src_embedded = self.src_embed(src) encoder_outputs, (last_hidden, last_cell) = self.encoder(src_embedded) # Initialize the decoder states decoder_hidden = last_hidden.view(batch_size, self.hidden_size) decoder_cell = last_cell.view(batch_size, self.hidden_size) # Initialize the attention context vector context = torch.zeros(batch_size, self.hidden_size, device=src.device) # Initialize the output scores outputs = torch.zeros(batch_size, tgt_len, self.hidden_size, device=src.device) # Decode the target sentence for t in range(tgt_len): tgt_embedded = self.tgt_embed(tgt[:, t]) decoder_input = torch.cat([tgt_embedded, context], dim=1) decoder_hidden, decoder_cell = self.decoder(decoder_input, (decoder_hidden, decoder_cell)) attention_scores = self.attention(encoder_outputs) attention_weights = F.softmax(torch.bmm(attention_scores, decoder_hidden.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2), dim=1) context = torch.bmm(attention_weights.unsqueeze(1), encoder_outputs).squeeze(1) output = self.out(decoder_hidden) outputs[:, t] = output return outputs ``` The `__init__` method initializes the model parameters and layers. It takes four arguments: - `src_vocab_size`: the size of the source vocabulary - `tgt_vocab_size`: the size of the target vocabulary - `emb_size`: the size of the word embeddings - `hidden_size`: the size of the encoder and decoder hidden states The model has four main components: - `src_embed`: an embedding layer for the source sentence - `tgt_embed`: an embedding layer for the target sentence - `encoder`: a bidirectional LSTM encoder that encodes the source sentence - `decoder`: a unidirectional LSTM decoder that generates the target sentence The attention mechanism is implemented in the `forward` method. It takes two arguments: - `src`: the source sentence tensor of shape `(batch_size, src_len)` - `tgt`: the target sentence tensor of shape `(batch_size, tgt_len)` The method first encodes the source sentence using the bidirectional LSTM encoder. The encoder outputs and final hidden and cell states are stored in `encoder_outputs`, `last_hidden`, and `last_cell`, respectively. The decoder is initialized with the final hidden and cell states of the encoder. At each time step, the decoder takes as input the embedded target word and the context vector, which is a weighted sum of the encoder outputs based on the attention scores. The decoder output and hidden and cell states are updated using the LSTMCell module. The attention scores are calculated by applying a linear transform to the concatenated decoder hidden state and encoder outputs, followed by a softmax activation. The attention weights are used to compute the context vector as a weighted sum of the encoder outputs. Finally, the decoder hidden state is passed through a linear layer to produce the output scores for each target word in the sequence. The output scores are stored in the `outputs` tensor and returned by the method.
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