Head_First_Python学习笔记(四)

使用字典

#print_detail同之前的print_times
>>> import print_detail 
>>> james2 = print_detail.print_detail('james2')
>>> james2
['James Lee', '2002:3:14', '2:34', '3:21', '2:34', '2:45', '3:01', '2:01', '2:01', '3:10', '2:22', '2:01', '2:01', '2:16']
>>> james2Dic = {}
>>> james2Dic['name'] = james2.pop()
>>> james2Dic['dob'] = james2.pop()
>>> james2Dic['times'] = james2
>>> james2Dic
{'dob': '2:01', 'name': '2:16', 'times': ['James Lee', '2002:3:14', '2:34', '3:21', '2:34', '2:45', '3:01', '2:01', '2:01', '3:10', '2:22', '2:01']}

类和对象

#类定义方法
class classname:
    def __init__(self):
        #initialize code
            ...

• python要求每一个方法的第一个参数为调用对象实例(self)

简单测试代码:

>>> class Athlete:
...     def __init__(self,name,dob=None,times=[]):
...             self.name = name
...             self.dob = dob
...             self.times = times
... 
>>> type(Athlete)
<type 'classobj'>
>>> sarah = Athlete('sarah Sweeney','2002-02-22',['2:45', '3:01', '2:01'])
>>> james = Athlete('james Jones')
>>> type(james)
<type 'instance'>
>>> james
<__main__.Athlete instance at 0x10691a5a8>

---

>>> james.name
'james Jones'
>>> james.dob
>>> james.times
[]
>>> sarah.name
'sarah Sweeney'
>>> sarah.dob
'2002-02-22'
>>> sarah.times
['2:45', '3:01', '2:01']

自定义类

#print_detail.py
from Athlete import Athlete
def print_detail(file_name):
    try:
        with open(file_name+'.txt') as data:
            time_list = data.read().replace('-',':').replace('.',':')
            time_list =  time_list.strip().split(',')
            return Athlete(time_list.pop(0),time_list.pop(0),time_list)
    except IOError as err:
        print('file error:'+str(err))
        return None 

---

#Athlete.py
class Athlete:
    def __init__(self,name,dob=None,times=[]):
        self.name = name
        self.dob = dob
        self.times = times

    def top3(self):
        return sorted(set(self.times))[0:3]

    def add_time(self,a_time):
        self.times.append(a_time)

    def add_times(self,time_list):
        self.times.extend(time_list)

---

>>> import print_detail
>>> james = print_detail.print_detail('james2')
>>> type(james)
<type 'instance'>
>>> james.name
'James Lee'
>>> james.dob
'2002:3:14'
>>> james.top3()
['2:01', '2:16', '2:22']
>>> james.add_time('1.99')
>>> james.top3()
['1.99', '2:01', '2:16']
>>> james.add_times([1.11,1.22])
>>> james.top3()
[1.11, 1.22, '1.99']    

若上面两个文件不再同一目录下,需要在print_detail.py中使用sys.path.append()加入Athlete.py所在路径