linux字符设备

先查看自己的内核版本

#uname-r

#=============================
# Makefile2.6
obj-m := hello.o
PWD  := $(shell pwd)
KVER ?= $(shell uname -r)
KDIR := /lib/modules/$(KVER)/build
all:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD)
clean:
	rm -rf .*.cmd *.o *.mod.c *.ko .tmp_versions
#=============================

#dmesg|grep module    //打印模块加载log
#lsmod     //查看所有的模块
#cat /proc/devices //查看所有的主设备号
使用register_chrdev时需要手动建立节点
#mknod /dev/hello c 250 0   //设置设备节点，假设设备号为250
使用register_chrdev创建devfs      

simple_MAJOR 为0时动态申请设备号，也可指定设备号

static const struct file_operations cm4000_fops = {
	.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
	.read	= cmm_read,
	.write	= cmm_write,
	.unlocked_ioctl	= cmm_ioctl,
	.open	= cmm_open,
	.release= cmm_close,
	.llseek = no_llseek,
};

major = register_chrdev(simple_MAJOR, DEVICE_NAME, &cm4000_fops);
//major 失败范围0或者负数，成功就返回主设备号
if (major < 0) { 
	printk(KERN_WARNING MODULE_NAME
		": could not get major number\n");
	class_destroy(cmm_class);
	return major;
}


    //mknod /dev/111111111 c 250 0 
    device_create(class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEVICE_NAME), NULL, MKDEV(Major, 0), NULL, DEVICE_NAME);

misc_register就是用主标号10调用register_chrdev(),用于杂项设备注册
MISC_MAJOR = 10
ar7_wdt_miscdev.minor        = WATCHDOG_MINOR   // 静态申请从设备号
ar7_wdt_miscdev.minor  = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR   // 动态申请从设备号

static const struct file_operations ar7_wdt_fops = {
	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
	.write		= ar7_wdt_write,
	.unlocked_ioctl	= ar7_wdt_ioctl,
	.open		= ar7_wdt_open,
	.release	= ar7_wdt_release,
	.llseek		= no_llseek,
};

static struct miscdevice ar7_wdt_miscdev = {
	.minor		= WATCHDOG_MINOR,
	.name		= "watchdog",
	.fops		= &ar7_wdt_fops,
};
rc = misc_register(&ar7_wdt_miscdev);
if (rc) {
	pr_err("unable to register misc device\n");
	goto out;
}

使用register_chrdev_region和alloc_chrdev_region创建设备 需要使用cdev来添加设备

{  
    int err;  
    //申请设备号 
    dev_t devno = MKDEV(simple_MAJOR, 0);  

    //注意静态申请的dev_t参数和动态dev_t参数的区别
    if(simple_MAJOR)  
           err= register_chrdev_region(devno, MEMDEV_NUM, DEVICE_NAME);//静态申请  
    else
    {        //动态申请  
           err= alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, MEMDEV_NUM, DEVICE_NAME);  
           simple_MAJOR= MAJOR(devno);  
    }  
    if (err < 0)   
    {  
    printk(KERN_WARNING "DEMO: can't get major %d\n", simple_MAJOR);  
    return err;  
    }  


    //注册设备驱动
    cdev_init(&mem_cdev,&fops);  /*初始化cdev结构*/  
    mem_cdev.owner= THIS_MODULE;  


    /*注册字符设备*/  
    err= cdev_add(&mem_cdev, MKDEV(simple_MAJOR, 0), MEMDEV_NUM);//如果有n个设备就添加那个设备号
    if(err)  
    {
        printk("addcdev faild,err is %d\n", err);  
        goto fail_malloc;  

    }        
/*
    //分配设备内存
    mem_devp= kmalloc(MEMDEV_NUM*(sizeof(struct mem_dev)), GFP_KERNEL);  
    if(!mem_devp){  
            result = - ENOMEM;  
            goto fail_malloc;  
    }  
    memset(mem_devp,0, MEMDEV_NUM*(sizeof(struct mem_dev)));  


    for(i=0;i<MEMDEV_NUM; i++){  
           mem_devp[i].size= MEMDEV_SIZE;  
           mem_devp[i].data= kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);  
           memset(mem_devp[i].data,0, MEMDEV_SIZE);  
           sema_init(&mem_devp[i].sem,1);//³õʼ»¯»¥³âËø   
    }  
*/
    return err;  

fail_malloc:  
         unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(simple_MAJOR,0), MEMDEV_NUM);  
         return err;  
}

使用register_chrdev_region()比register_chrdev()多了一步.cdev设备的步骤。