编码转换表:
{
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T',
'U','V','W','X','Y','Z','a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n',
'o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z','0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7',
'8','9','+','/','='
}
base64编码规则:
每次从待编码字符串中取3个字符(24个位),
每6个位为一组, 并在前面补上"00"组成一个新的字符(在转换表中找到对应ascii码的字符)
当待编码字符串长度不为3的倍数时, 每差一个字节, 则补上一个"="号;
例如"abcd" (97, 98, 99, 100)
将其ascii码转成二进制为"01100001011000100110001101100100"
每次取3个字