linker command failed with exit code 1 问题

编译Xcode项目时候,错误提示如下:

duplicate symbol _targetBugNum in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppManager.o

duplicate symbol _targetBugType in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppManager.o

duplicate symbol _targetBugNum in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/MainScene.o

duplicate symbol _targetBugType in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/MainScene.o

duplicate symbol _targetBugNum in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/BugSprite.o

duplicate symbol _targetBugType in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/BugSprite.o

duplicate symbol _targetBugNum in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/MainLayer.o

duplicate symbol _targetBugType in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/MainLayer.o

duplicate symbol _targetBugNum in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/MyContactListener.o

duplicate symbol _targetBugType in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/MyContactListener.o

ld: 10 duplicate symbols for architecture i386

clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)



看这个:duplicate symbol _targetBugNum in:

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppDelegate.o

    /Users/lonever/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/CatchBug-galbsshcnnkrvqbewszihmcaslxk/Build/Intermediates/CatchBug.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/CatchBug.build/Objects-normal/i386/AppManager.o


意思是说,在AppDelegate 和 AppManager中 重复编译变量 _targetBugNum 。一检查,果真如此。。因为我在提示的这些文件中都有引入定义变量_targetBugNum的头文件,而在这个头文件中却没有声明 #ifndefine #define #end 或者是 const


在 C++(但不是在 C 语言)中,const 限定符对默认存储类型稍有影响。在默认情况下,全局变量的链接性为外部的,但 const 全局变量的链接性为内部的。也就是说,在 C++ 看来,全局 const 定义就像使用了 static 说明符一样。
 
    因此,可以将 const 常量定义在头文件中供工程中的多个其它文件包含引用,并且编译时不会产生变量重复定义的错误。当然,也可以用 #define 宏定义。
 
    一般常量定义并无问题,但是,如果 const 要限定的是指针就须特别注意。这里以字符数组为例来说明。
  1. // const_header.h  
  2. #ifndef CONST_HEADER_H_   
  3. #define CONST_HEADER_H_   
  4.   
  5. const char* CONST_STRING = "wangqi";        // 错误!指针 CONST_STRING 并非 const 常量,所以该头文件  
  6.                                             //      被多个文件包含时,会有变量重复定义的编译错误。  
  7.   
  8. const charconst CONST_STRING = "wangqi";  // 正确,CONST_STRING 是指向常量的常量指针。  
  9. const char CONST_STRING[] = "wangqi";       // 正确,CONST_STRING 是 const char [7] 类型。   
  10. charconst CONST_STRING = "wangqi";        // 正确,CONST_STRING 是常量指针。  
  11. #define CONST_STRING "wangqi";              // 正确,传统用法。  
  12.   
  13. static char CONST_STRING[] = "wangqi";      // 正确  
  14. static char* CONST_STRING = "wangqi";   
  15. static const char* CONST_STRING = "wangqi"// 正确  
  16.   
  17. namespace // 正确  
  18. {  
  19.     char CONST_STRING[] = "wangqi";   
  20. }  
  21.   
  22. namespace // 正确  
  23. {  
  24.     char* CONST_STRING = "wangqi";   
  25. }  
  26.   
  27. namespace // 正确  
  28. {  
  29.     const char* CONST_STRING = "wangqi";   
  30. }  
  31.   
  32. #endif // CONST_HEADER_H_   
    附:用 const 限定符比 #define 好的理由。
    1. const 常量能明确指定类型;
    2. 可以使用 C++ 的作用域规则将定义限制在特定的函数或文件中;
    3. 可以将 const 用于更复杂的类型,如数组和结构。





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