原型模式主要用于1.对象种类繁多,无法整合到一个类中;2.难以根据类生成实例;3.想解耦框架与生成的实例。主要依赖于 clone方法和 Cloneable接口
1.构建复制功能的接口
Product.java 继承 Cloneable,这样才可以调用clone()
use()是执行函数,具体执行什么由子类决定
createClone()是复制实例的函数
package prototype.framework;
public interface Product extends Cloneable {
public abstract void use(String s);
public abstract Product createClone();
}
2.构建管理控制类
Manager.java
Manager类使用Product接口来复制实例
package prototype.framework;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class Manager {
private HashMap showcase = new HashMap();//创建hashMap储存原型
public void register(String name, Product proto) {
showcase.put(name, proto);//加入原型
}
public Product create(String protoname) {
Product p = (Product)showcase.get(protoname);
return p.createClone();//根据圆形进行复制
}
}
3.具体实现
案例1
package prototype;
import prototype.framework.Product;
public class MessageBox implements Product {
private char decochar;
public MessageBox(char decochar) {
this.decochar = decochar;
}
@Override
public void use(String s) {
int length = s.getBytes().length;
for (int i = 0; i < length + 4; i++) {
System.out.print(decochar);
}
System.out.println("");
System.out.println(decochar + " " + s + " " + decochar);
for (int i = 0; i < length + 4; i++) {
System.out.print(decochar);
}
System.out.println("");
}
@Override
public Product createClone() {
Product product = null;
try{
product = (Product)clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return product;
}
}
案例2
UnderlinePen.java
package prototype;
import prototype.framework.Product;
public class UnderlinePen implements Product {
private char ulchar;
public UnderlinePen(char ulchar) {
this.ulchar = ulchar;
}
@Override
public void use(String s) {
int length = s.getBytes().length;
System.out.println("\"" + s + "\"");
System.out.print(" ");
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
System.out.print(ulchar);
}
System.out.println("");
}
@Override
public Product createClone() {
Product product = null;
try {
product = (Product)clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return product;
}
}
测试
package prototype;
import prototype.framework.Manager;
import prototype.framework.Product;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Manager manager = new Manager();
UnderlinePen underlinePen = new UnderlinePen('~');
MessageBox mbox = new MessageBox('*');
MessageBox sbox = new MessageBox('/');
manager.register("strong message", underlinePen);
manager.register("warning box", mbox);
manager.register("slash box", sbox);
Product p1 = manager.create("strong message");
p1.use("Hello, world");
Product p2 = manager.create("warning box");
p2.use("Hello, world");
Product p3 = manager.create("slash box");
p3.use("Hello, world");
}
}