Linux学习之文档压缩工具（gzip）

Linux基础学习之文件压缩工具-gzip
先看介绍文件 :/$ man gzip

GZIP(1)                                     General Commands Manual                                    GZIP(1)

NAME
       gzip, gunzip, zcat - compress or expand files

SYNOPSIS
       gzip [ -acdfhklLnNrtvV19 ] [-S suffix] [ name ...  ]
       gunzip [ -acfhklLnNrtvV ] [-S suffix] [ name ...  ]
       zcat [ -fhLV ] [ name ...  ]

DESCRIPTION
       Gzip  reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77).  Whenever possible, each file
       is replaced by one with the extension .gz, while keeping the same ownership modes, access and modifica‐
       tion  times.   (The default extension is z for MSDOS, OS/2 FAT, Windows NT FAT and Atari.)  If no files
       are specified, or if a file name is "-", the standard input is compressed to the standard output.  Gzip
       will only attempt to compress regular files.  In particular, it will ignore symbolic links.

       If the compressed file name is too long for its file system, gzip truncates it.  Gzip attempts to trun‐
       cate only the parts of the file name longer than 3 characters.  (A part is delimited by dots.)  If  the
       name consists of small parts only, the longest parts are truncated. For example, if file names are lim‐
       ited to 14 characters, gzip.msdos.exe is compressed to gzi.msd.exe.gz.  Names are not truncated on sys‐
       tems which do not have a limit on file name length.

       By default, gzip keeps the original file name and timestamp in the compressed file. These are used when
       decompressing the file with the -N option. This is useful when the compressed file name  was  truncated
       or when the timestamp was not preserved after a file transfer.

       Compressed files can be restored to their original form using gzip -d or gunzip or zcat.  If the origi‐
       nal name saved in the compressed file is not suitable for its file system, a new  name  is  constructed
       from the original one to make it legal.

#查看桌面上的文件以及文件夹，其中通过cp 1.txt 2.txt复制得到两个大小内容一致的文件
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls
1  1.txt  2.txt
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls -R
.:
1  1.txt  2.txt

./1:
1.txt  2.txt
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ll
total 8
drwxrwxr-x. 2 wolf wolf   32 Nov  3 19:12 1
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wolf wolf 1828 Nov  3 19:09 1.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wolf wolf 1828 Nov  3 19:10 2.txt

首先压缩文件1.txt

[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ gzip 1.txt
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ll
total 8
drwxrwxr-x. 2 wolf wolf   32 Nov  3 19:12 1
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wolf wolf   93 Nov  3 19:09 1.txt.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wolf wolf 1828 Nov  3 19:10 2.txt

发现1.txt原始文件找不到了，生成了压缩文件1.txt.gz，大小又1828字节变为93字节，我们查看可以保留原始文件的压缩方法。

wolf@localhost Desktop]$ gzip --help
Usage: gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Compress or uncompress FILEs (by default, compress FILES in-place).

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

  -c, --stdout      write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
  -d, --decompress  decompress
  -f, --force       force overwrite of output file and compress links
  -h, --help        give this help
  -k, --keep        keep (don't delete) input files
  -l, --list        list compressed file contents
  -L, --license     display software license
  -n, --no-name     do not save or restore the original name and timestamp
  -N, --name        save or restore the original name and timestamp
  -q, --quiet       suppress all warnings
  -r, --recursive   operate recursively on directories
      --rsyncable   make rsync-friendly archive
  -S, --suffix=SUF  use suffix SUF on compressed files
      --synchronous synchronous output (safer if system crashes, but slower)
  -t, --test        test compressed file integrity
  -v, --verbose     verbose mode
  -V, --version     display version number
  -1, --fast        compress faster
  -9, --best        compress better

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Report bugs to <bug-gzip@gnu.org>.

可以看到-k参数可以保留原始文件

[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls
1  1.txt.gz  2.txt
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ gzip -k 2.txt
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls
1  1.txt.gz  2.txt  2.txt.gz

解压文件 -d选项

[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls
1  1.txt.gz  2.txt
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ gzip -k 2.txt
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls
1  1.txt.gz  2.txt  2.txt.gz
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ gzip -d 1.txt.gz
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls
1  1.txt  2.txt  2.txt.gz
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ gzip -d 2.txt.gz
gzip: 2.txt already exists; do you wish to overwrite (y or n)? n
	not overwritten
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls
1  1.txt  2.txt  2.txt.gz
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ gzip -d 2.txt.gz
gzip: 2.txt already exists; do you wish to overwrite (y or n)? y
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls
1  1.txt  2.txt

最后，我们看一下，能不能讲文件夹进行一个压缩

[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls -R
.:
1  1.txt  2.txt

./1:
1.txt  2.txt
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ gzip -k 1.txt 2.txt
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ls
1  1.txt  1.txt.gz  2.txt  2.txt.gz
[wolf@localhost Desktop]$ ll
total 16
drwxrwxr-x. 2 wolf wolf   32 Nov  3 19:12 1
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wolf wolf 1828 Nov  3 19:09 1.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wolf wolf   93 Nov  3 19:09 1.txt.gz
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wolf wolf 1828 Nov  3 19:10 2.txt
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wolf wolf   93 Nov  3 19:10 2.txt.gz

结果显示，这个是目录文件，直接给忽略，可以看出来不行。同样对两个文件进行压缩的话，也是生成两个压缩文件。
最后在解释文档里有讲到，压缩文件的时间戳与原始文件是一样的，保持不变，通过ll命令可以看到。
下一节进行归档tar命令的介绍。