python特殊方法实践__len__，__getitem__

对特殊方法的初步理解，跟Java中定义了接口，实现类中提供方法的具体实现有点类似。特殊方法可以用在类对象上。可以让对象有列表一样的操作。

'''
生成56张牌，然后完成取和迭代操作
'''
import collections
from random import choice 
Card = collections.namedtuple('Card',['rank','suit'])
class FrenchDeck:
    #牌的大小
    ranks = [str(n) for n in range(2,11)]+list('JQKA')
    #牌的颜色
    suits = 'spades diamonds clubs hearts'.split()
    #要注意这里是双——
    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = [Card(rank,suit) for suit in self.suits
                       for rank in self.ranks]
        print(self._cards)

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._cards)

    def __getitem__(self,position):
        return self._cards[position]

if __name__ == "__main__":
    fd = FrenchDeck()
    print( "len =={}".format(len(fd)))
    print(fd[1])
    print(fd[0])
    print(fd[12])
    print(choice(fd))
    print(fd[:3])#取前三张
    print(fd[12::13])#从第12张牌开始，每隔13取一张牌
    print(fd[:56:4])#56张牌，每隔4张取一个

    #可迭代
    for card in fd:
        print(card)