SurfaceView surface SurfaceHolder制作简单的相机

简单的相机界面布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    tools:context="com.a520it.xiangji.MainActivity">


    <SurfaceView
        android:id="@+id/sfv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fab"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical|center_horizontal"
        android:layout_margin="@dimen/fab_margin"
        android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        app:layout_anchor="@+id/sfv"
        app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|center_horizontal" />

</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

建立一个类实现SurfaceHolder.Callback在重载的方法（surfaceCreated ，surfaceChanged ，surfaceDestroyed）里面操作surfaceview

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {

    private SurfaceView sufaceview;
    private SurfaceHolder holder;
    private Camera camera;
    private boolean isPreview = false;
    private FloatingActionButton fab;
    private Bitmap bitmap;
    private Camera.AutoFocusCallback myAutoFocusCallback = null;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
        //拍照的点击事件
        fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                
                if(isPreview&&camera!=null){
                    camera.takePicture(new Camera.ShutterCallback() {
                        @Override
                        public void onShutter() {
                //快门按下的回调，在这里我们可以设置类似播放“咔嚓”声之类的操作。默认的就是咔嚓。
                            Log.i("paizhao","啪啪啪");
                        }
                    }, null, new Camera.PictureCallback() {
                        @Override
                        public void onPictureTaken(byte[] bytes, Camera camera) {
                            if(null!=bytes){
                                //解码数组成一张Bitmap图片
                                bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
                                //相机停止预览
                                camera.stopPreview();
                                isPreview=false;
                            }
                            //构造一个矩形来填充图片
                            Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
                            Bitmap rotbitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(MainActivity.this.bitmap, 0, 0, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight(), matrix, false);
                            if(null!=rotbitmap){
                                //保存相片
                                saveBitmap(rotbitmap);
                            }
                            //再次进入预览
                            camera.startPreview();
                            isPreview = true;
                        }
                    });
                }
            }
        });


        //自动聚焦变量回调
        myAutoFocusCallback = new Camera.AutoFocusCallback() {

            public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                if(success)//success表示对焦成功
                {
                    Log.i("tag", "myAutoFocusCallback: success...");
                   camera.setOneShotPreviewCallback(null);
                }
                else
                {
                    //未对焦成功
                    Log.i("tag", "myAutoFocusCallback: 失败了...");
                }
            }
        };


        fab.setOnTouchListener(new MyOnTouchListener());
        sufaceview = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.sfv);
        holder = sufaceview.getHolder();
        holder.setFormat(PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT);
        holder.addCallback(this);
        holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);//后面有几种类型的解释
    }

    private void saveBitmap(Bitmap rotbitmap) {
        String savePath = "/mnt/sdcard/xiangjiPhoto/";
        File savefile = new File(savePath);
        if(!savefile.exists()){
            savefile.mkdir();
        }
        long data = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String jpegName = savePath + data + ".jpg";
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(jpegName);
            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
            bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,100,bos);
            bos.flush();
            bos.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
//开启摄像头
        camera = Camera.open();
        try {
            camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceHolder);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            if(null != camera){
                camera.release();
                camera = null;
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder, int i, int i1, int i2) {
        initCamera();
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
        if(null != camera)
        {
            camera.setPreviewCallback(null); /*在启动PreviewCallback时这个必须在前不然退出出错。
			这里实际上注释掉也没关系*/
            camera.stopPreview();
            isPreview = false;
            camera.release();
            camera = null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
    //初始化相机
    public void initCamera(){
        if(isPreview){
            camera.stopPreview();
        }
        if(null != camera){
            Camera.Parameters myParam = camera.getParameters();
            //			//查询屏幕的宽和高
            //			WindowManager wm = (WindowManager)getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
            //			Display display = wm.getDefaultDisplay();
            //			Log.i(tag, "屏幕宽度："+display.getWidth()+" 屏幕高度:"+display.getHeight());

            myParam.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG);//设置拍照后存储的图片格式

            //			//查询camera支持的picturesize和previewsize
            //			List<Size> pictureSizes = myParam.getSupportedPictureSizes();
            //			List<Size> previewSizes = myParam.getSupportedPreviewSizes();
            //			for(int i=0; i<pictureSizes.size(); i++){
            //				Size size = pictureSizes.get(i);
            //				Log.i(tag, "initCamera:摄像头支持的pictureSizes: width = "+size.width+"height = "+size.height);
            //			}
            //			for(int i=0; i<previewSizes.size(); i++){
            //				Size size = previewSizes.get(i);
            //				Log.i(tag, "initCamera:摄像头支持的previewSizes: width = "+size.width+"height = "+size.height);
            //
            //			}


            //设置大小和方向等参数
            myParam.setPictureSize(1280, 960);
            myParam.setPreviewSize(960, 720);
            //myParam.set("rotation", 90);
            camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
            myParam.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO);
            camera.setParameters(myParam);
            camera.startPreview();
            camera.autoFocus(myAutoFocusCallback);
            isPreview = true;
        }
    }

    /*为了使图片按钮按下和弹起状态不同，采用过滤颜色的方法.按下的时候让图片颜色变淡*/
    public class MyOnTouchListener implements View.OnTouchListener {

        public final  float[] BT_SELECTED=new float[]
                { 2, 0, 0, 0, 2,
                        0, 2, 0, 0, 2,
                        0, 0, 2, 0, 2,
                        0, 0, 0, 1, 0 };

        public final float[] BT_NOT_SELECTED=new float[]
                { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                        0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
                        0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
                        0, 0, 0, 1, 0 };
        public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){
                v.getBackground().setColorFilter(new ColorMatrixColorFilter(BT_SELECTED));
                v.setBackgroundDrawable(v.getBackground());
            }
            else if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP){
                v.getBackground().setColorFilter(new ColorMatrixColorFilter(BT_NOT_SELECTED));
                v.setBackgroundDrawable(v.getBackground());

            }
            return false;
        }

    }
}

SURFACE_TYPE_NORMAL：用RAM缓存原生数据的普通Surface 
SURFACE_TYPE_HARDWARE：适用于DMA(Direct memory access )引擎和硬件加速的Surface 
SURFACE_TYPE_GPU：适用于GPU加速的Surface 
SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS：表明该Surface不包含原生数据，Surface用到的数据由其他对象提供，在Camera图像预览中就使用该类型的Surface，有Camera负责提供给预览Surface数据，这样图像预览会比较流畅。如果设置这种类型则就不能调用lockCanvas来获取Canvas对象了。