matplotlib.legend

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class matplotlib.legend.Legend(parent, handles, labels, *, loc=None, numpoints=None, markerscale=None, markerfirst=True, reverse=False, scatterpoints=None, scatteryoffsets=None, prop=None, fontsize=None, labelcolor=None, borderpad=None, labelspacing=None, handlelength=None, handleheight=None, handletextpad=None, borderaxespad=None, columnspacing=None, ncols=1, mode=None, fancybox=None, shadow=None, title=None, title_fontsize=None, framealpha=None, edgecolor=None, facecolor=None, bbox_to_anchor=None, bbox_transform=None, frameon=None, handler_map=None, title_fontproperties=None, alignment=‘center’, ncol=1, draggable=False)

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1 函数调用方式

1.1.不传入参数：legend()

自动检测图例中显示的元素

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.figure( figsize=(6, 4))
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2
plt.plot(x, y2, color='blue', label='y=2x+1')
plt.plot(x, y1, color='red', linewidth=2.0, linestyle='--', label='y=x$^2$')
plt.xlim((-2, 2))
plt.ylim((-3, 3))
plt.legend()

1.2 传入一一对象的artist对象与标签：legend(handles, labels)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

plt.figure( figsize=(6, 4))
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100)
y1 = 2*x + 1
y2 = x**2
y3 = np.power(x,3)

# 此处的line后面必须加,才能正常输出图例内容，否则显示空白图例框
line1, = plt.plot(x, y1, color='blue', ls=':')
line2, = plt.plot(x, y2, color='red', ls='--')
line3, = plt.plot(x, y3, color='green', ls='-')

plt.xlim((-2, 2))
plt.ylim((-3, 3))

plt.legend([line1,line2,line3],['y=x','$y=x^2$','$y=x^3$'],loc='lower right')
plt.show()

2 函数参数

2.1 参数: loc

loc: str or pair of floats, default: ‘best’ for Axes, ‘upper right’ for Figure

2.1.1 loc取值为str

Location String	Location Code	位置
‘best’	0	合适位置
‘upper right’	1	右上角
‘upper left’	2	左上角
‘lower left’	3	左下角
‘lower right’	4	右下角
‘right’	5	右边
‘center left’	6	左中
‘center right’	7	右中
'lower center ’	8	下中
‘upper center’	9	上中
‘center’	10	中心

import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(5, 0, -1)
y1 = np.array([32, 31, 28, 22, 18])

fig,ax = plt.subplots(nrows=3,ncols=4,sharex=True,sharey=True, figsize=(12, 8))
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.05,right=0.95,top=0.95,bottom=0.05, wspace=0,hspace=0)

ax[0,0].plot(x,y1,marker='o',lw=1,label='upper left', color='blue')
ax[0,0].legend(loc='upper left')

ax[0,1].plot(x,y1,marker='o',lw=1,label='upper right', color='blue')
ax[0,1].legend(loc='upper right')

ax[0,2].plot(x,y1,marker='o',lw=1,label='lower left', color='blue')
ax[0,2].legend(loc='lower left')

ax[0,3].plot(x,y1,marker='o',lw=1,label='lower right', color='blue')
ax[0,3].legend(loc='lower right')

ax[1,0].plot(x,y1,marker='o',lw=1,label='upper center', color='blue')
ax[1,0].legend(loc='upper center')

ax[1,1].plot(x,y1,marker='o',lw=1,label='lower center', color='blue'